|
|
This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
|
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Equivalent to *gňiti + *-lъ.
Adjective
*gňȋlъ[1][2]
- rotten
Inflection
Indefinite declension of *gňilъ (hard)
| singular
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*gňilъ
|
*gňila
|
*gňilo
|
| genitive
|
*gňila
|
*gňily
|
*gňila
|
| dative
|
*gňilu
|
*gňilě
|
*gňilu
|
| accusative
|
*gňilъ
|
*gňilǫ
|
*gňilo
|
| instrumental
|
*gňilomь
|
*gňilojǫ
|
*gňilomь
|
| locative
|
*gňilě
|
*gňilě
|
*gňilě
|
| vocative
|
*gňile
|
*gňilo
|
*gňilo
|
| dual
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*gňila
|
*gňilě
|
*gňilě
|
| genitive
|
*gňilu
|
*gňilu
|
*gňilu
|
| dative
|
*gňiloma
|
*gňilama
|
*gňiloma
|
| accusative
|
*gňila
|
*gňilě
|
*gňilě
|
| instrumental
|
*gňiloma
|
*gňilama
|
*gňiloma
|
| locative
|
*gňilu
|
*gňilu
|
*gňilu
|
| vocative
|
*gňila
|
*gňilě
|
*gňilě
|
| plural
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*gňili
|
*gňily
|
*gňila
|
| genitive
|
*gňilъ
|
*gňilъ
|
*gňilъ
|
| dative
|
*gňilomъ
|
*gňilamъ
|
*gňilomъ
|
| accusative
|
*gňily
|
*gňily
|
*gňila
|
| instrumental
|
*gňily
|
*gňilami
|
*gňily
|
| locative
|
*gňilěxъ
|
*gňilaxъ
|
*gňilěxъ
|
| vocative
|
*gňili
|
*gňily
|
*gňila
|
Definite declension of *gňilъ (hard)
| singular
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*gňilъjь
|
*gňilaja
|
*gňiloje
|
| genitive
|
*gňilajego
|
*gňilyję̇
|
*gňilajego
|
| dative
|
*gňilujemu
|
*gňilěji
|
*gňilujemu
|
| accusative
|
*gňilъjь
|
*gňilǫjǫ
|
*gňiloje
|
| instrumental
|
*gňilyjimь
|
*gňilǫjǫ
|
*gňilyjimь
|
| locative
|
*gňilějemь
|
*gňilěji
|
*gňilějemь
|
| vocative
|
*gňilъjь
|
*gňilaja
|
*gňiloje
|
| dual
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*gňilaja
|
*gňilěji
|
*gňilěji
|
| genitive
|
*gňiluju
|
*gňiluju
|
*gňiluju
|
| dative
|
*gňilyjima
|
*gňilyjima
|
*gňilyjima
|
| accusative
|
*gňilaja
|
*gňilěji
|
*gňilěji
|
| instrumental
|
*gňilyjima
|
*gňilyjima
|
*gňilyjima
|
| locative
|
*gňiluju
|
*gňiluju
|
*gňiluju
|
| vocative
|
*gňilaja
|
*gňilěji
|
*gňilěji
|
| plural
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*gňiliji
|
*gňilyję̇
|
*gňilaja
|
| genitive
|
*gňilъjixъ
|
*gňilъjixъ
|
*gňilъjixъ
|
| dative
|
*gňilyjimъ
|
*gňilyjimъ
|
*gňilyjimъ
|
| accusative
|
*gňilyję̇
|
*gňilyję̇
|
*gňilaja
|
| instrumental
|
*gňilyjimi
|
*gňilyjimi
|
*gňilyjimi
|
| locative
|
*gňilyjixъ
|
*gňilyjixъ
|
*gňilyjixъ
|
| vocative
|
*gňiliji
|
*gňilyję̇
|
*gňilaja
|
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: гнил (gnil)
- Macedonian: гнил (gnil)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: гни̏о
- Latin script: gnȉo
- Slovene: gnȋl (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гнило́й”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gņilъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 169: “adj. o ‘rotten’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “gnilъ gnila gnilo”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c rådden (PR 138)”