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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gʰneyH- (given as *ǵʰn(e)iH- in Derksen, but the palatal *ǵ is likely a typo). Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek χνίει (khníei, “(it) drizzles, (it) crumbles”) (Hesychius), Proto-Germanic *gnīdaną.
Verb
*gňìti impf[1][2][3]
- to rot
Inflection
Conjugation of
*gňiti, *gňi, *gňьjetь (
impf.,
intr., -V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *gňitьje
|
*gňiti
|
*gňitъ
|
*gňilъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
—
|
—
|
| Active
|
*gňivъ
|
*gňьję
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*gňixъ |
*gňi |
*gňi
|
*gňьjǫ |
*gňьješi |
*gňьjetь
|
| Dual
|
*gňixově |
*gňista |
*gňiste
|
*gňьjevě |
*gňьjeta |
*gňьjete
|
| Plural
|
*gňixomъ |
*gňiste |
*gňišę
|
*gňьjemъ |
*gňьjete |
*gňьjǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*gňьjaaxъ |
*gňьjaaše |
*gňьjaaše
|
— |
*gňьji |
*gňьji
|
| Dual
|
*gňьjaaxově |
*gňьjaašeta |
*gňьjaašete
|
*gňьjivě |
*gňьjita |
—
|
| Plural
|
*gňьjaaxomъ |
*gňьjaašete |
*gňьjaaxǫ
|
*gňьjimъ |
*gňьjite |
—
|
Conjugation of
*gňiti, *gňi, *gňьjetь (
impf.,
intr., -V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *gňitьje
|
*gňiti
|
*gňitъ
|
*gňilъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
—
|
—
|
| Active
|
*gňivъ
|
*gňьję
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*gňixъ |
*gňi |
*gňi
|
*gňьjǫ |
*gňьješi |
*gňьjetь
|
| Dual
|
*gňixově |
*gňista |
*gňiste
|
*gňьjevě |
*gňьjeta |
*gňьjete
|
| Plural
|
*gňixomъ |
*gňiste |
*gňišę
|
*gňьjemъ |
*gňьjete |
*gňьjǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*gňьjaaxъ |
*gňьjaaše |
*gňьjaaše
|
— |
*gňьji |
*gňьji
|
| Dual
|
*gňьjaaxově |
*gňьjaašeta |
*gňьjaašete
|
*gňьjivě |
*gňьjita |
—
|
| Plural
|
*gňьjaaxomъ |
*gňьjaašete |
*gňьjaaxǫ
|
*gňьjimъ |
*gňьjite |
—
|
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: гнити (gniti) (11th century)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: гниѭщии (gnijǫštii, “suppurating”, dat. fem. sg. pres. act. part.)
- Glagolitic: ⰃⰐⰋⰩⰛⰋⰋ (GNIJǫŠtII)
- Bulgarian: гни́я (gníja)
- Macedonian: гние (gnie)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: гњи̏ти
- Latin script: gnjȉti
- Slovene: gníti (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: hníti
- Old Polish: gnić
- Polabian: *gnait; ⇒ gnålĕ
- Pomeranian:
- Kashubian: gnic
- Slovincian: gnjic
- Slovak: hniť
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: hnić
- Lower Sorbian: gniś
Further reading
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “гнить”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 195
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*gniti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 176
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гнить”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gņìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 169: “v. (a) ‘rot’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “gniti: gnijǫ gnijetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c rådne (SA 204, 234; PR 139)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “gníti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*gni̋ti, sed. *gnȋjǫ in *gnь̏jǫ”