|
|
This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
|
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gúntei, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰénti.
Verb
*gъnàti impf[1][2][3]
- to chase, to persecute
Conjugation
Conjugation of
*gъnati, *gъna, *ženetь (
impf., -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *gъnanьje
|
*gъnati
|
*gъnatъ
|
*gъnalъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*gъnanъ
|
*ženomъ
|
| Active
|
*gъnavъ
|
*ženy
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*gъnaxъ |
*gъna |
*gъna
|
*ženǫ |
*ženeši |
*ženetь
|
| Dual
|
*gъnaxově |
*gъnasta |
*gъnaste
|
*ženevě |
*ženeta |
*ženete
|
| Plural
|
*gъnaxomъ |
*gъnaste |
*gъnašę
|
*ženemъ |
*ženete |
*ženǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*gъnaaxъ |
*gъnaaše |
*gъnaaše
|
— |
*ženi |
*ženi
|
| Dual
|
*gъnaaxově |
*gъnaašeta |
*gъnaašete
|
*ženěvě |
*ženěta |
—
|
| Plural
|
*gъnaaxomъ |
*gъnaašete |
*gъnaaxǫ
|
*ženěmъ |
*ženěte |
—
|
Conjugation of
*gъnati, *gъna, *ženetь (
impf., -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *gъnanьje
|
*gъnati
|
*gъnatъ
|
*gъnalъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*gъnanъ
|
*ženomъ
|
| Active
|
*gъnavъ
|
*ženy
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*gъnaxъ |
*gъna |
*gъna
|
*ženǫ |
*ženeši |
*ženetь
|
| Dual
|
*gъnaxově |
*gъnasta |
*gъnaste
|
*ženevě |
*ženeta |
*ženete
|
| Plural
|
*gъnaxomъ |
*gъnaste |
*gъnašę
|
*ženemъ |
*ženete |
*ženǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*gъnaaxъ |
*gъnaaše |
*gъnaaše
|
— |
*ženi |
*ženi
|
| Dual
|
*gъnaaxově |
*gъnaašeta |
*gъnaašete
|
*ženěvě |
*ženěta |
—
|
| Plural
|
*gъnaaxomъ |
*gъnaašete |
*gъnaaxǫ
|
*ženěmъ |
*ženěte |
—
|
- *gonìti (“to chase, to persecute”)
- *gonъ (“chase, hunt, pursuit”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: гънати (gŭnati)
- Belarusian: гнаць (hnacʹ), 1sg. pres. ганю́ (hanjú)
- Russian: гнать (gnatʹ), 1sg. pres. гоню́ (gonjú)
- Ukrainian: гна́ти (hnáty), 1sg. pres. жену́ (ženú)
- South Slavic:
- Church Slavonic: гънати (gŭnati) (Russian)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic script: гънати (gŭnati)
- Glagolitic script: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: го́ня (gónja)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: гна̏ти
- Latin script: gnȁti
- Slovene: gnáti (tonal orthography), 1sg. pres. žénem
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: hnáti
- Kashubian: gnac
- Polabian: zinĕ
- Old Polish: gnać
- Slovak: hnať
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: hnać
- Lower Sorbian: gnaś
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гнать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “гнать”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 194
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gъnati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 196
- Šanskij, N. M. (2004) “гнать”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gъnàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 197: “v. (b) ‘chase, persecute’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “gъnati: ženǫ ženetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (SA 204); c (PR 139) drive, jage”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “gnáti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*gъna̋ti, sed. *žȅnǫ”