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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Per Derksen, the root vowel stems from lengthening of the zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *gʰubʰ- from the root *gʰewbʰ-, with the addition of the Proto-Slavic suffix *-nǫti; the acute tone of the root is a secondary development, common in verbs ending in *-nǫti. Compare *gubìti (“to destroy”), the corresponding causative. Also cognate with *gъbnǫti (“to bend”). Other scholars reconstruct the PIE root differently from Derksen; see discussion under *gъbnǫti.
Verb
*gỳnǫti[1][2]
- to perish
Inflection
Conjugation of *gynǫti, *gybe, *gynetь (?, -C/n-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm a)
| Verbal noun
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Infinitive
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Supine
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L-participle
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| *gybenьje
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*gynǫti
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*gynǫtъ
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*gyblъ
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|
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Participles
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| Tense
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Past
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Present
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| Passive
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*gybenъ
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*gynomъ
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| Active
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*gybъ
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*gyny
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|
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Aorist
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Present
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| Person
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1st
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2nd
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3rd
|
1st
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2nd
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3rd
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| Singular
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*gyb(ox)ъ |
*gybe |
*gybe
|
*gynǫ |
*gyneši |
*gynetь
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| Dual
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*gyb(ox)ově |
*gyb(e/os)ta |
*gyb(e/os)te
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*gynevě |
*gyneta |
*gynete
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| Plural
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*gyb(ox)omъ |
*gyb(e/os)te |
*gybǫ, *gybošę
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*gynemъ |
*gynete |
*gynǫtь
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|
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Imperfect
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Imperative
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| Person
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1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
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| Singular
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*gyněaxъ |
*gyněaše |
*gyněaše
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— |
*gyni |
*gyni
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| Dual
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*gyněaxově |
*gyněašeta |
*gyněašete
|
*gyněvě |
*gyněta |
—
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| Plural
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*gyněaxomъ |
*gyněašete |
*gyněaxǫ
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*gyněmъ |
*gyněte |
—
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Derived terms
- *ugynǫti
- *pogynǫti
- *zagynǫti
- *jьzgynǫti
- *gybělь
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: гꙑнѫти (gynǫti), гꙑбнѫти (gybnǫti)
- Belarusian: гі́нуць (hínucʹ)
- Russian: ги́бнуть (gíbnutʹ); low colloquial ги́нуть (gínutʹ)
- Ukrainian: ги́нути (hýnuty)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: гꙑбнѫти (gybnǫti)
- Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: ги́на (gína)
- Macedonian: гине (gine), гибне (gibne)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: ги̏нути
- Latin script: gȉnuti
- Slovene: gíniti (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: hynúti
- Polabian: ďainǫt
- Old Polish: ginąć
- Polish: ginąć, archaic gibnąć
- Slovak: hynúť
- Slovincian: gjybnõc
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: hinyć
- Lower Sorbian: ginuś
Further reading
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “ги́бнуть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 186
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ги́бнуть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gybnǫti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 218
References
- ^ * Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gỳnǫti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 200: “v. (a) ‘perish’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “gybnǫti: gybnǫ gybnetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 211, 259; PR 133; MP 22)”