Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kǫsъ
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kanˀdas, akin to Lithuanian ką́sti (“to bite”), Latvian kuôst (“to bite”), further Ancient Greek κνώδων (knṓdōn, “type of sword”).
Adjective
*kǫsъ
Declension
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kǫsъ | *kǫsa | *kǫso |
| genitive | *kǫsa | *kǫsy | *kǫsa |
| dative | *kǫsu | *kǫsě | *kǫsu |
| accusative | *kǫsъ | *kǫsǫ | *kǫso |
| instrumental | *kǫsomь | *kǫsojǫ | *kǫsomь |
| locative | *kǫsě | *kǫsě | *kǫsě |
| vocative | *kǫse | *kǫso | *kǫso |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *kǫsa | *kǫsě | *kǫsě |
| genitive | *kǫsu | *kǫsu | *kǫsu |
| dative | *kǫsoma | *kǫsama | *kǫsoma |
| accusative | *kǫsa | *kǫsě | *kǫsě |
| instrumental | *kǫsoma | *kǫsama | *kǫsoma |
| locative | *kǫsu | *kǫsu | *kǫsu |
| vocative | *kǫsa | *kǫsě | *kǫsě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *kǫsi | *kǫsy | *kǫsa |
| genitive | *kǫsъ | *kǫsъ | *kǫsъ |
| dative | *kǫsomъ | *kǫsamъ | *kǫsomъ |
| accusative | *kǫsy | *kǫsy | *kǫsa |
| instrumental | *kǫsy | *kǫsami | *kǫsy |
| locative | *kǫsěxъ | *kǫsaxъ | *kǫsěxъ |
| vocative | *kǫsi | *kǫsy | *kǫsa |
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kǫsъjь | *kǫsaja | *kǫsoje |
| genitive | *kǫsajego | *kǫsyję̇ | *kǫsajego |
| dative | *kǫsujemu | *kǫsěji | *kǫsujemu |
| accusative | *kǫsъjь | *kǫsǫjǫ | *kǫsoje |
| instrumental | *kǫsyjimь | *kǫsǫjǫ | *kǫsyjimь |
| locative | *kǫsějemь | *kǫsěji | *kǫsějemь |
| vocative | *kǫsъjь | *kǫsaja | *kǫsoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *kǫsaja | *kǫsěji | *kǫsěji |
| genitive | *kǫsuju | *kǫsuju | *kǫsuju |
| dative | *kǫsyjima | *kǫsyjima | *kǫsyjima |
| accusative | *kǫsaja | *kǫsěji | *kǫsěji |
| instrumental | *kǫsyjima | *kǫsyjima | *kǫsyjima |
| locative | *kǫsuju | *kǫsuju | *kǫsuju |
| vocative | *kǫsaja | *kǫsěji | *kǫsěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *kǫsiji | *kǫsyję̇ | *kǫsaja |
| genitive | *kǫsъjixъ | *kǫsъjixъ | *kǫsъjixъ |
| dative | *kǫsyjimъ | *kǫsyjimъ | *kǫsyjimъ |
| accusative | *kǫsyję̇ | *kǫsyję̇ | *kǫsaja |
| instrumental | *kǫsyjimi | *kǫsyjimi | *kǫsyjimi |
| locative | *kǫsyjixъ | *kǫsyjixъ | *kǫsyjixъ |
| vocative | *kǫsiji | *kǫsyję̇ | *kǫsaja |
Derived terms
- *jьzkǫsъ (“strict, narrow”)
- *kǫsakъ (“short dress, object”)
- *kǫso-
- *kǫsoględъ (“short-sighted”)
- *kǫsoumъ (“forgetful, with short memory”)
- *sъkǫsiti, *pokǫsiti (“to shorten”)
- *vъzkǫsъ (“ultra short”)
Related terms
- *kucъ (“tailless, limped, crippled”) (expressive)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: кꙋсꙑи (kusyi)
- Russian: кусо́й (kusój) (dialectal)
- Ukrainian: ку́сий (kúsyj)
- Old East Slavic: кꙋсꙑи (kusyi)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ку́цый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*kǫsъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 67
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1989), “кусий”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 3 (Кора – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 160
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “къс²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 227
Noun
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kǫ̑sъ | *kǫ̑sa | *kǫ̑si |
| genitive | *kǫ̑sa | *kǫsù | *kǫ̃sъ |
| dative | *kǫ̑su | *kǫsomà | *kǫsòmъ |
| accusative | *kǫ̑sъ | *kǫ̑sa | *kǫ̑sy |
| instrumental | *kǫ̑sъmь, *kǫ̑somь* | *kǫsomà | *kǫsý |
| locative | *kǫ̑sě | *kǫsù | *kǫsě̃xъ |
| vocative | *kǫse | *kǫ̑sa | *kǫ̑si |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
- *kǫsъkъ, *kǫsьcь (diminutive)
- *kǫsica
- *kǫšьjь (“slice, chunk (of bread, meat)”)
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ку́с”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*kǫsъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 67
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “къс¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 227
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kǫ̑sъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 243: “m. o (c) ‘piece’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “kǫsъ”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 147; PR 137)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “kos”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *kǫ̑sъ ‛kos, grižljaj’”