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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ksaudás, from Proto-Indo-European *k⁽ʷ⁾sowdós, from *k⁽ʷ⁾sewd- (“to crush, to disperse”), possibly an extension of Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to scratch, to mow”). Cognate with Sanskrit क्षुद्र (kṣudra, “small, minute”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšáwdas (“swell of the sea”) and akin to Lithuanian skùsti (“to shave”), Ancient Greek ξύω (xúō, “to shave”), Latin saucius (“hurt, wounded”), Sanskrit क्षुर (kṣurá, “razor”).
Adjective
*xȗdъ[1][2][3]
- thin, weak, feeble (of creature)
- (among some descendants) grave, severe (of condition, state)
- (figurative) evil, wicked
Declension
Indefinite declension of *xudъ (hard, accent paradigm c)
| singular
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*xudъ
|
*xuda
|
*xudo
|
| genitive
|
*xuda
|
*xudy
|
*xuda
|
| dative
|
*xudu
|
*xudě
|
*xudu
|
| accusative
|
*xudъ
|
*xudǫ
|
*xudo
|
| instrumental
|
*xudomь
|
*xudojǫ
|
*xudomь
|
| locative
|
*xudě
|
*xudě
|
*xudě
|
| vocative
|
*xude
|
*xudo
|
*xudo
|
| dual
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*xuda
|
*xudě
|
*xudě
|
| genitive
|
*xudu
|
*xudu
|
*xudu
|
| dative
|
*xudoma
|
*xudama
|
*xudoma
|
| accusative
|
*xuda
|
*xudě
|
*xudě
|
| instrumental
|
*xudoma
|
*xudama
|
*xudoma
|
| locative
|
*xudu
|
*xudu
|
*xudu
|
| vocative
|
*xuda
|
*xudě
|
*xudě
|
| plural
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*xudi
|
*xudy
|
*xuda
|
| genitive
|
*xudъ
|
*xudъ
|
*xudъ
|
| dative
|
*xudomъ
|
*xudamъ
|
*xudomъ
|
| accusative
|
*xudy
|
*xudy
|
*xuda
|
| instrumental
|
*xudy
|
*xudami
|
*xudy
|
| locative
|
*xuděxъ
|
*xudaxъ
|
*xuděxъ
|
| vocative
|
*xudi
|
*xudy
|
*xuda
|
Definite declension of *xudъ (hard, accent paradigm c)
| singular
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*xudъjь
|
*xudaja
|
*xudoje
|
| genitive
|
*xudajego
|
*xudyję̇
|
*xudajego
|
| dative
|
*xudujemu
|
*xuději
|
*xudujemu
|
| accusative
|
*xudъjь
|
*xudǫjǫ
|
*xudoje
|
| instrumental
|
*xudyjimь
|
*xudǫjǫ
|
*xudyjimь
|
| locative
|
*xudějemь
|
*xuději
|
*xudějemь
|
| vocative
|
*xudъjь
|
*xudaja
|
*xudoje
|
| dual
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*xudaja
|
*xuději
|
*xuději
|
| genitive
|
*xuduju
|
*xuduju
|
*xuduju
|
| dative
|
*xudyjima
|
*xudyjima
|
*xudyjima
|
| accusative
|
*xudaja
|
*xuději
|
*xuději
|
| instrumental
|
*xudyjima
|
*xudyjima
|
*xudyjima
|
| locative
|
*xuduju
|
*xuduju
|
*xuduju
|
| vocative
|
*xudaja
|
*xuději
|
*xuději
|
| plural
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*xudiji
|
*xudyję̇
|
*xudaja
|
| genitive
|
*xudъjixъ
|
*xudъjixъ
|
*xudъjixъ
|
| dative
|
*xudyjimъ
|
*xudyjimъ
|
*xudyjimъ
|
| accusative
|
*xudyję̇
|
*xudyję̇
|
*xudaja
|
| instrumental
|
*xudyjimi
|
*xudyjimi
|
*xudyjimi
|
| locative
|
*xudyjixъ
|
*xudyjixъ
|
*xudyjixъ
|
| vocative
|
*xudiji
|
*xudyję̇
|
*xudaja
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Derived terms
- *xuděti (essive)
- *xudina (state noun)
- *xuditi (causative-iterative)
- *xudežь (“pauper”)
- *xudьcь (“weakling, wretch”)
- *xudoba, *xudota, *xudostь (abstract nouns)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: худъ (xudŭ)
- Old Ruthenian: худы́й (xudýj)
- Middle Russian: худы́й (xudýj)
- Old Novgorodian: хоуде (xude)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic script: хоудъ (xudŭ)
- Glagolitic script: ⱈⱆⰴⱏ (xudŭ)
- Russian Church Slavonic: хꙋдꙑи (xudyi)
- Bulgarian: худ (hud); ху́жде (húžde) (dialectal)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: ху̑д (dialectal, archaic)
- Latin script: hȗd (dialectal, archaic)
- Slovene: hȗd (tonal orthography); hùd (dialectal)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: chudý
- Old Polish: chudy
- Slovak: chudý
- Slovincian: chúdy
- Polabian: x́audĕ, cheudė
- Sorbian:
References
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “xudъ xuda xudo”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c dårlig, mager (SA 114; PR 138)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “hȗd”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *xȗdъ ‛slab, slaboten, suh’”
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*xȗdъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 205
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xudъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 111
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “худо́й”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2012), “худий”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 6 (У – Я), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 219
- Shaposhnikov, A. K. (2010) “худой”, in Этимологический словарь современного русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Contemporary Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 2: (Начать – Я), Moscow: Flinta; Nauka, →ISBN, page 503