Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/paxati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

Unclear. Per Vasmer, probably onomatopoeic. Alternatively, related to Old Norse fǫnn (“snowdrift”) (< *fazn-), Old High German fesa (“chaff”) and perhaps Tocharian B pīsäl (“chaff”) via a tentative Proto-Indo-European root *pes- (“~ to blow”).

Verb

*paxati

to sweep

Inflection

Conjugation of *paxati, *paxa, *pašetь (?, -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*paxanьje	*paxati	*paxatъ	*paxalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*paxanъ	*pašemъ
Active	*paxavъ	*pašę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*paxaxъ	*paxa	*paxa	*pašǫ	*pašeši	*pašetь
Dual	*paxaxově	*paxasta	*paxaste	*paševě	*pašeta	*pašete
Plural	*paxaxomъ	*paxaste	*paxašę	*pašemъ	*pašete	*pašǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*paxaaxъ	*paxaaše	*paxaaše	—	*paši	*paši
Dual	*paxaaxově	*paxaašeta	*paxaašete	*pašivě	*pašita	—
Plural	*paxaaxomъ	*paxaašete	*paxaaxǫ	*pašimъ	*pašite	—

Related terms

*paxnǫti (“to smell of”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Russian: Archangelsk dialectal паха́ть (paxátʹ, “to sweep (the chimney)”), 1sg. пашу́ (pašú)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: пахати (paxati, “to wave, to agitate”)
  
  Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: па́хам (páham, “to sweep, to clean”) (dialectal)

- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: па̏хати (“to dust, to blow off”), 1sg. па̏ха̄м; па́хати (“to dust, to blow off; to stink”), 1sg. па̑ше̄м
  
  Latin: pȁxati (“to dust, to blow off”), 1sg. pȁxām; páxati (“to dust, to blow off; to stink”), 1sg. pȃšēm
- Slovene: páhati (“to dust, to brush off”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. pȃham (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: pachać (“to emit smoke, to smoke”)
  - Lower Sorbian: pachaś (“to brush away”)

References

Derksen, Rick (2008) “*paxati I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 389
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “паха́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “pīsäl”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 417

Etymology 2

Unclear. Derksen suggests a vaguely possible relationship with *pasti (“to pasture”), but notes that the accentual properties of the root don't match. Chernykh suggests the same relationship. Vasmer conjectures a relationship with Latin pāla (“shovel, spade”), possibly < *pastlā, pastinum (“hoe for digging and loosening a vineyard”), and/or with Ossetian фадын (fadyn, “to split”), Old Armenian հատանեմ (hatanem, “to cut off, to cut into pieces”), հատու (hatu, “piercing, sharp”). Vasmer also notes that a relationship with *paxati (“to sweep”) is conceivable by taking into account the nature of the Russian plow, whose blade sweeps the soil aside.

Verb

*pāxàti

to plow? to perform? to herd cattle? to dig?

Inflection

Conjugation of *paxati, *paxa, *pašetь (?, -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*paxanьje	*paxati	*paxatъ	*paxalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*paxanъ	*pašemъ
Active	*paxavъ	*pašę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*paxaxъ	*paxa	*paxa	*pašǫ	*pašeši	*pašetь
Dual	*paxaxově	*paxasta	*paxaste	*paševě	*pašeta	*pašete
Plural	*paxaxomъ	*paxaste	*paxašę	*pašemъ	*pašete	*pašǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*paxaaxъ	*paxaaše	*paxaaše	—	*paši	*paši
Dual	*paxaaxově	*paxaašeta	*paxaašete	*pašivě	*pašita	—
Plural	*paxaaxomъ	*paxaašete	*paxaaxǫ	*pašimъ	*pašite	—

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: пахати (paxati) (12th century)
  - Russian: паха́ть (paxátʹ, “to plow, to till”), 1sg. пашу́ (pašú), 3sg. па́шет (pášet)
  - Ukrainian: паха́ти (paxáty) (archaic)
South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: dialectal па́хам (páham, “to plow and sow”)
West Slavic:
- Czech: páchat (“to do, to make, (dialectal) to herd cattle”)
- Old Polish: pachać (“to dig, to cause harm”)
- Slovak: páchať (“to accomplish, to perform”)

References

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vol=2 Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “паха́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN

Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pāxàti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 389
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “паха́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress