Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tъkati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Unclear. Proposed etymologies include:

Miklošič (followed by Snoj, Vasmer): From Proto-Indo-European *tewk- (“to seed, to press”) or possibly *(s)tewk- (“to shove, to push”). Cognate with Latvian taucêt (“to pound”) and akin to Ancient Greek τύκος (túkos, “malleus”), τυκίζω (tukízō, “to clench”).^[1]
Pokorny: Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *tek- (“to weave, to plait”),^[2] related to Latin texō (“to weave”), Old High German dūhen (“to press”).

Verb

*tъkàti impf (perfective *tъknǫti)^[3]^[4]

to prick, pierce
to weave

Inflection

Conjugation of *tъkati, *tъka, *tъčetь (impf., -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*tъkanьje	*tъkati	*tъkatъ	*tъkalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*tъkanъ	*tъkomъ
Active	*tъkavъ	*tъky

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tъkaxъ	*tъka	*tъka	*tъkǫ	*tъčeši	*tъčetь
Dual	*tъkaxově	*tъkasta	*tъkaste	*tъčevě	*tъčeta	*tъčete
Plural	*tъkaxomъ	*tъkaste	*tъkašę	*tъčemъ	*tъčete	*tъkǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tъkaaxъ	*tъkaaše	*tъkaaše	—	*tъci	*tъci
Dual	*tъkaaxově	*tъkaašeta	*tъkaašete	*tъcěvě	*tъcěta	—
Plural	*tъkaaxomъ	*tъkaašete	*tъkaaxǫ	*tъcěmъ	*tъcěte	—

Later reanalyzed among some daughter languages as:

Conjugation of *tъkati, *tъka, *tъkajetь (imph, -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*tъkanьje	*tъkati	*tъkatъ	*tъkalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*tъkanъ	*tъkajemъ
Active	*tъkavъ	*tъkaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tъkaxъ	*tъka	*tъka	*tъkajǫ	*tъkaješi	*tъkajetь
Dual	*tъkaxově	*tъkasta	*tъkaste	*tъkajevě	*tъkajeta	*tъkajete
Plural	*tъkaxomъ	*tъkaste	*tъkašę	*tъkajemъ	*tъkajete	*tъkajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tъkaaxъ	*tъkaaše	*tъkaaše	—	*tъkaji	*tъkaji
Dual	*tъkaaxově	*tъkaašeta	*tъkaašete	*tъkajivě	*tъkajita	—
Plural	*tъkaaxomъ	*tъkaašete	*tъkaaxǫ	*tъkajimъ	*tъkajite	—

Derived terms

*tъkačь (“weaver (agent)”)
*tъkadlo (“weaver (tool)”)
*tъkanь (“fabric, texture”)
*tъčivo (“texture, weaved product”)

Related terms

*tъčьka (“point”)
*tъčьnъ (“exact”)
*tъknǫti (“to prick, pierce, touch”)
*tъkъmo (“just now, only”, adverb)
*tykъ (“shove, push”)
- *tykati (“to push”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: ткаць (tkacʹ)
- Russian: ткать (tkatʹ)
- Ukrainian: тка́ти (tkáty)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: тъкати (tŭkati)
- Bulgarian: тъка́ (tǎká), dial. тъча́ (tǎčá)
- Macedonian: ткае (tkae)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: тка̏ти
  
  Latin script: tkȁti
- Slovene: tkáti (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Kashubian: tkac
- Old Czech: tkáti
  - Czech: tkát
- Old Polish: tkać
  - Polish: tkać
- Slovak: tkať
- Pannonian Rusyn: ткац (tkac)
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: tkaś
  - Upper Sorbian: tkać

References

^ Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ткать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1058
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “tъkati: tъčjǫ tъčjetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b væve (PR 136f.)”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “tkáti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*tъka̋ti”

[Vasmer-1] Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ткать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

[2] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1058

[3] Olander, Thomas (2001) “tъkati: tъčjǫ tъčjetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b væve (PR 136f.)”

[4] Snoj, Marko (2016) “tkáti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*tъka̋ti”

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