Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vydra

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ū́ˀdrāˀ (“otter”), from Proto-Indo-European *udréh₂ (“otter”), the feminine form of *udrós (“of water, aquatic”), from the root *wed- (“water”).

Noun

*vỳdra f^[1]^[2]

otter

Inflection

Declension of *vỳdra (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*vỳdra	*vỳdrě	*vỳdry
genitive	*vỳdry	*vỳdru	*vỳdrъ
dative	*vỳdrě	*vỳdrama	*vỳdramъ
accusative	*vỳdrǫ	*vỳdrě	*vỳdry
instrumental	vỳdrojǫ, vỳdrǭ^**	*vỳdrama	*vỳdramī
locative	*vỳdrě	*vỳdru	vỳdrasъ, vỳdraxъ^*
vocative	*vỳdro	*vỳdrě	*vỳdry

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

*vodà (“water”)
*vědro (“bucket”)
*vedrъ (“clear”)
- *vedro (“nice weather”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: вꙑдра (vydra)
  - Old Ruthenian: вы́дра (výdra)
    - Belarusian: вы́дра (výdra)
    - Ukrainian: ви́дра (výdra)
  - Russian: вы́дра (výdra)
  - → Yiddish: ווידרע (vidre)
- Old Novgorodian: воудра (vudra) (dialectal)
  - → Russian: вудра́ (vudrá), у́дра́ (údrá) (Pskov)
South Slavic:
- Church Slavonic:
  - Russian Church Slavonic: вы́дра (výdra)
- Bulgarian: ви́дра (vídra)
- Macedonian: видра (vidra)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ви̏дра
  
  Latin script: vȉdra
- Slovene: vīdra (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Czech: vydra
- Kashubian: wëdra
- Polish: wydra
- Slovak: vydra
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: wudra
  - Lower Sorbian: wudra

Non-Slavic:
- → Albanian: vidër
- → Greek: βίδρα (vídra)
- → Hungarian: vidra
- → Romanian: vidră

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*vỳdra”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 534: “f. ā (a) ‘otter’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “vydra vydry”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 22; RPT 109f.)”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*vỳdra”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 534: “f. ā (a) ‘otter’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001) “vydra vydry”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 22; RPT 109f.)”

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