Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xybati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

    Equivalent to *xybъ (“wobble”) +‎ *-ati. Traditionally viewed as cognate with Sanskrit क्षुभ्यति (kṣubhyati, “to shake, be agitated”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *kʷsewbʰ-.

    Compare also Lithuanian sūbóti (“to swing”) (also compared with synonymous Proto-Slavic *zybati), Proto-Germanic *skupjaną (“to scoff; to skip”).

    Verb

    *xybàti impf (perfective *xybnǫti)[1][2]

    1. to sway, to make unsteady, to perturb

    Inflection

    Conjugation of *xybati, *xyba, *xybajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
    Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
    *xybanьje *xybati *xybatъ *xybalъ
    Participles
    Tense Past Present
    Passive *xybanъ *xybajemъ
    Active *xybavъ *xybaję
    Aorist Present
    Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
    Singular *xybaxъ *xyba *xyba *xybajǫ *xybaješi *xybajetь
    Dual *xybaxově *xybasta *xybaste *xybajevě *xybajeta *xybajete
    Plural *xybaxomъ *xybaste *xybašę *xybajemъ *xybajete *xybajǫtь
    Imperfect Imperative
    Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
    Singular *xybaaxъ *xybaaše *xybaaše — *xybaji *xybaji
    Dual *xybaaxově *xybaašeta *xybaašete *xybajivě *xybajita —
    Plural *xybaaxomъ *xybaašete *xybaaxǫ *xybajimъ *xybajite —

    Derived terms

    • *xybadlo (“pendelum”)
    • *xybьstvo (“tumult, commotion”)
    • *šibati (“to beat, to whip”)
    • *xvěti (“to sway”) (possibly)
    • *xybiti, *xyběti (“to swindle, to confuse”)
      • *xyba (“fault, mistake”)
      • *xybina (“confusion, error”)
    • *xybъkъ (“perturbed”)
    • *zybati (“to rock, to oscillate”) (possibly)

    Descendants

    • East Slavic:
      • Russian: хиба́ть (xibátʹ)
      • Ukrainian: хиба́ти (xybáty)
    • South Slavic:
      • Slovene: híbati (tonal orthography)
    • West Slavic:
      • Czech: chybati
      • Polish: chybać (obsolete, dialectal)
      • Slovak: chýbať
      • Sorbian:
        • Lower Sorbian: chybaś
        • Upper Sorbian: chybać

    Further reading

    • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “хибать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
    • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xybati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 153
    • “suboti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012

    References

    1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*xybati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 207: “v. ‘sway’”
    2. ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “híba”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *xyba̋ti”
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