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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Formed as *zybь (“oscillation”) + *-ati, but beyond that - of uncertain origin. Compare *xybàti of similar meaning.
Verb
*zybati[1][2]
- to cradle, to rock
- to swing
- (reflexive) to hesitate
Inflection
Conjugation of
*zybati, *zyba, *zybľetь (
impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *zybanьje
|
*zybati
|
*zybatъ
|
*zybalъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*zybanъ
|
*zybľemъ
|
| Active
|
*zybavъ
|
*zybľę
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*zybaxъ |
*zyba |
*zyba
|
*zybľǫ |
*zybľeši |
*zybľetь
|
| Dual
|
*zybaxově |
*zybasta |
*zybaste
|
*zybľevě |
*zybľeta |
*zybľete
|
| Plural
|
*zybaxomъ |
*zybaste |
*zybašę
|
*zybľemъ |
*zybľete |
*zybľǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*zybaaxъ |
*zybaaše |
*zybaaše
|
— |
*zybľi |
*zybľi
|
| Dual
|
*zybaaxově |
*zybaašeta |
*zybaašete
|
*zybľivě |
*zybľita |
—
|
| Plural
|
*zybaaxomъ |
*zybaašete |
*zybaaxǫ
|
*zybľimъ |
*zybľite |
—
|
Later reanalyzed among some daughter languages as:
Conjugation of
*zybati, *zyba, *zybajetь (
impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *zybanьje
|
*zybati
|
*zybatъ
|
*zybalъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*zybanъ
|
*zybajemъ
|
| Active
|
*zybavъ
|
*zybaję
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*zybaxъ |
*zyba |
*zyba
|
*zybajǫ |
*zybaješi |
*zybajetь
|
| Dual
|
*zybaxově |
*zybasta |
*zybaste
|
*zybajevě |
*zybajeta |
*zybajete
|
| Plural
|
*zybaxomъ |
*zybaste |
*zybašę
|
*zybajemъ |
*zybajete |
*zybajǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*zybaaxъ |
*zybaaše |
*zybaaše
|
— |
*zybaji |
*zybaji
|
| Dual
|
*zybaaxově |
*zybaašeta |
*zybaašete
|
*zybajivě |
*zybajita |
—
|
| Plural
|
*zybaaxomъ |
*zybaašete |
*zybaaxǫ
|
*zybajimъ |
*zybajite |
—
|
- *zybь (“oscillation”)
- *zybъkъ (“unsteady”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old Ruthenian: зыба́ти (zybáti)
- Belarusian: зыба́ць (zybácʹ)
- Ukrainian: зиба́ти (zybáty)
- Russian: зы́бать (zýbatʹ)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: зꙑбати (zybati)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: зи́бати
- Latin script: zíbati
- Slovene: zíbati, zibáti (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “зы́бь”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
References
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “zybati: zybjǫ zybjetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a vugge (PR 133)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “zíbati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*zyba̋ti”