Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bïĺč-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Possibly borrowed from Proto-Samoyedic *pi-, from Proto-Uralic *peje-.^[1]

Verb

*bïĺč-

(intransitive) to ripen

Descendants

Oghur: *bič-, *bilč-^[2]
- Proto-Bulgar: *biś-
  - Volga Bulgar: *?
    - Chuvash: пиҫ (piś)
- ⇒ Oghur: *bilč-er-^[3]
  - Proto-Bulgar: *biśer-
    - Volga Bulgar: *piśer-
      - ⇒ Chuvash: пĕçер (pĕçer)
Proto-Common Turkic: *biš-, *biš-ir-

Arghu:
- Khalaj: bışmaq
Proto-Oghuz: *biš-
- Old Anatolian Turkish: بشمك (bişmek)
  - Azerbaijani: bişmək
  - Ottoman Turkish: بشمك (bişmek), پیشمك (pişmek)
    - Gagauz: pişmää
    - Turkish: pişmek, pişirmek
- Salar: pişgüsi
- Turkmen: bişmek
Karluk: *bïš-
- Karakhanid: بِشْماقْ (bışma:q)
  - Chagatai: [script needed] (biş-, bışur-)
    - Uyghur: پىشماق (pishmaq)
    - Uzbek: pishmoq
Kipchak:
- Kipchak: بشماك (bişmek)
- Kipchak-Bulgar:
  - Bashkir: бешеү (beşew)
  - Tatar: пешерергә (peşerergä)
- Kipchak-Cuman:
  - Crimean Tatar: pişmek
  - Karachay-Balkar: биширге (bişirge)
  - ⇒ Karaim: пиширмэк (piširmék)
  - ⇒ Kumyk: биширмек (bişirmek)
- Kipchak-Nogai:
  - ⇒ Nogai: писируьв (pisirüv)
  - Kazakh: пісу (pısu)
  - Karakalpak: [script needed] (pis-)
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: бышуу (bışuu)
  - Southern Altai: быжар (bïžar)
Siberian Turkic: *bïš- ~ *biš-
- Old Uyghur: 𐰋𐰃𐰾 (b²is² /⁠biš-⁠/) (Ïrḳ Bitig)
- Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐽶𐽿𐽹𐽰𐽲 (pyšmʾq /⁠bïš-⁠/) (post 10th century)
  - Western Yugur: bəhs- (bïʰs-, bïʰš-)
- North Siberian Turkic:
  - ⇒ Dolgan: буспут (busput-)
  - Yakut: бус (bus)
- South Siberian Turkic:
  - Sayan: *bïš-ta-
    - Tofa: пашта (bašta-)
    - Tuvan: паштаар (paştaar)
  - Yenisei: *bïš-ar-
    - Khakas: пызарға (pızarğa)
    - Shor: пыжыр (pïžïr-)

References

^ Ünal, Orçun. 2023. “Nova Turco-Samoiedica”. Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen 2023 (68):217–235.[1]
^ Agyágasi, Klára (2019) Chuvash Historical Phonetics (Turcologica; 117), Wiesbaden: Harrssowitz, pages 42, 61
^ Agyágasi, Klára (2019) Chuvash Historical Phonetics (Turcologica; 117), Wiesbaden: Harrssowitz, page 150

Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*biĺč-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Clauson, Gerard (1972) “bış- (p-)”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 376-377

[1] Ünal, Orçun. 2023. “Nova Turco-Samoiedica”. Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen 2023 (68):217–235.[1]

[2] Agyágasi, Klára (2019) Chuvash Historical Phonetics (Turcologica; 117), Wiesbaden: Harrssowitz, pages 42, 61

[3] Agyágasi, Klára (2019) Chuvash Historical Phonetics (Turcologica; 117), Wiesbaden: Harrssowitz, page 150

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