Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/köt-
Proto-Turkic
Verb
*köt-
- (intransitive) to rise
Conjugation
Conjugation of *köt- (Common Turkic)
Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.
| Positive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | *kötmek | |||||||
| participle | present | *kötgen, kötügme, köter | ||||||
| past | *kötdük, kötmiš | |||||||
| future | *kötdeči, kötmekči, kötsik, köteček | |||||||
| verbal noun | *kötme, kötüg, kötgü | |||||||
| way of doing | *kötüš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *köter ben | *köter sen | *köter | *köter biz | *köter siz | *köter | |
| past | simple | *kötdüm | *kötdüŋ | *kötdi | *kötdük, kötdümüz | *kötdüŋüz | *kötdi | |
| inferential | *kötmiš ben | *kötmiš sen | *kötmiš | *kötmiš biz | *kötmiš siz | *kötmiš | ||
| future | simple | *kötdeči ben, kötmekči ben, köteček ben | *kötdeči sen, kötmekči sen, köteček sen | *kötdeči, kötmekči, köteček | *kötdeči biz, kötmekči biz, köteček biz | *kötdeči siz, kötmekči siz, köteček siz | *kötdeči, kötmekči, köteček | |
| predictive | *kötgey ben | *kötgey sen | *kötgey | *kötgey biz | *kötgey siz | *kötgey | ||
| necessitive | *kötsüküm | *kötsüküŋ | *kötsük | *kötsükümüz | *kötsüküŋüz | *kötsük | ||
| conditional | *kötsem, kötser ben | *kötseŋ, kötser sen | *kötse, kötser | *kötsek, kötsemiz, kötser biz | *kötseŋiz, kötser siz | *kötseler, kötser | ||
| optative | *kötgey ben | *kötgey sen | *kötgey | *kötgey biz | *kötgey siz | *kötgey | ||
| progressive | *kötmekde ben | *kötmekde sen | *kötmekde | *kötmekde biz | *kötmekde siz | *kötmekde | ||
| necessitative | *kötmelig ben | *kötmelig sen | *kötmelig | *kötmelig biz | *kötmelig siz | *kötmelig | ||
| imperative | *köteyin | *köt, kötgil | *kötzün | *kötelim | *kötüŋ | *kötzün | ||
| Negative | ||||||||
| infinitive | *kötmemek | |||||||
| participle | present | *kötmegen, kötmegme, kötmez | ||||||
| past | *kötmedük, kötmemiš | |||||||
| future | *kötmeči, kötmesik, kötmeyeček | |||||||
| verbal noun | *kötmeme, kötmeg, kötmegü | |||||||
| way of doing | *kötmeyüš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *kötmez ben | *kötmez sen | *kötmez | *kötmez biz | *kötmez siz | *kötmez | |
| past | simple | *kötmedüm | *kötmedüŋ | *kötmedi | *kötmedük, kötmedümüz | *kötmedüŋüz | *kötmedi | |
| inferential | *kötmemiš ben | *kötmemiš sen | *kötmemiš | *kötmemiš biz | *kötmemiš siz | *kötmemiš | ||
| future | simple | *kötmeči ben, kötmeyeček ben | *kötmeči sen, kötmeyeček sen | *kötmeči, kötmeyeček | *kötmeči biz, kötmeyeček biz | *kötmeči siz, kötmeyeček siz | *kötmeči, kötmeyeček | |
| predictive | *kötmegey ben | *kötmegey sen | *kötmegey | *kötmegey biz | *kötmegey siz | *kötmegey | ||
| necessitive | *kötmesüküm | *kötmesüküŋ | *kötmesük | *kötmesükümüz | *kötmesüküŋüz | *kötmesük | ||
| conditional | *kötmesem, kötmeser ben | *kötmeseŋ, kötmeser sen | *kötmese, kötmeser | *kötmesek, kötmesemiz, kötmeser biz | *kötmeseŋiz, kötmeser siz | *kötmeseler, kötmeser | ||
| optative | *kötmegey ben | *kötmegey sen | *kötmegey | *kötmegey biz | *kötmegey siz | *kötmegey | ||
| progressive | *kötmemekde ben | *kötmemekde sen | *kötmemekde | *kötmemekde biz | *kötmemekde siz | *kötmemekde | ||
| necessitative | *kötmemelig ben | *kötmemelig sen | *kötmemelig | *kötmemelig biz | *kötmemelig siz | *kötmemelig | ||
| imperative | *kötmeyeyin | *kötme, kötmegil | *kötmezün | *kötmeyelim | *kötmeyiŋ | *kötmezün | ||
Derived terms
- *köt-ür-
- ?*köt-iĺč (“migration”)
- ?*köt-iĺč- (“to migrate”)
Descendants
- Kipchak:
- South Kipchak:
- Kazakh: көтеру (köteru, “to lift up, to rise”)
- South Kipchak:
- Siberian:
- →? Proto-Mongolic: *kötü-
- Proto-Mongolic: *köteyi- (“to be high, lift the breast”)
- Proto-Mongolic: *kötüle- (“to lead”)
References
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “köti-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 702
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*göt-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill