Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tumšuk

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

According to Clauson, from *tam- (“to drip”) +‎ -*-ïlč (causative-reciprocative suffix) +‎ *-k (deverbal suffix).

In another entry^[1], he gives two cognates of this would-be deverbal form: Old Uyghur 𐽲𐽰𐽺 𐾀𐽳𐽹𐽳𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽲𐽲𐽰 𐽰𐽹 (qʾn twmwrmʾqqʾ ʾm /⁠ḳan tomurmaḳḳa em⁠/, “remedy for epistaxis”) and Karakhanid تُمُرْماقْ (tamurmāq, “to bleed (of nose)”), also Karakhanid تَمُرْغانْ (tamurğān, “bleeding continuously (of nose)”), relevant to the assumed semantic shift of make-dripping thing > bleeding (of nose) > nose (and also beak).

Gülensoy analyizes as *tumuš +‎ *-uk (“denominal suffix”)^[2]

EDAL, instead, proposes a different root with quite a semantic coverage, Proto-Turkic *tum- ("hat, cap; snout; beak; nose) which is then compared to Proto-Mongolic *tom- (“chief, first”), Proto-Tungusic *tumŋu- (“top of head”) and Proto-Japonic *tum- (“top, head”). Notwithstanding several etymological mistakes (see Japanese 頭(つぶり) (tsuburi), for example, which is claimed as a "cognate"), Altaic Hypothesis is now widely discredited and its comparisons are deemed unreliable.

Compare also Ottoman Turkish طومشمق (domuşmak, “for birds to preen each other”), possibly suggesting a *tum- (“to preen^?”) root.

Noun

*tumšuk(Common Turkic)

nose
Synonyms: *burun, *kaŋïr, *tāna
beak (of birds)

Descendants

Oghuz:
- West Oghuz:
  - Ottoman Turkish: طومشوق (tomşuk, “beak”)
    - Turkish: tumşuk (“beak of large birds”)
- East Oghuz:
  - Turkmen: tumşuk (“snout”)
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (tumšuq, “beak”)
  - Chagatai: تومشوغ (tumšuğ)
    - Uyghur: تۇمشۇق (tumshuq, “beak”)
    - Uzbek: tumshuq (“beak”)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: томшоҡ (tomşoq, “beak”)
  - Tatar: томшык (tomşıq, “beak”)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Kazakh: тұмсық (tūmsyq, “beak”)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: тумшук (tumşuk, “beak”)
    - Southern Altai: тумчук (tumčuk, “nose, beak”)
Siberian:
- Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽳𐽹𐽿𐽳𐽲 (twmšwq /⁠tumšuq⁠/, “nose, beak”)
- North Siberian:
  - Yakut: тумус (tumus, “beak”)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan: думчук (dumçuk, “nose”)
  - Northern Altai::
    - Kumandy: тунчук (tunčuk)
    - Kuu-Kizhi: тунчук (tunčuk)
  - Yenisei:
    - Khakas: тумзух (tumzux, “nose”)

References

^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “(1) tomur-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 509
^ Gülensoy, Tuncer (2007) “Proto-Turkic/tumšuk”, in Türkiye Türkcesindeki Türkçe Sözcüklerin Köken Bilgisi Sözlüğü (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 932

Dybo, Anna Vladimirovna (2013). Этимологический словарь базисной лексики тюркских языков (in Russian). TOO - Prosper Print. p. 412.
Clauson, Gerard (1972) “tumšuk”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 503, 509, 515-16
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*tum-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

[1] Clauson, Gerard (1972) “(1) tomur-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 509

[2] Gülensoy, Tuncer (2007) “Proto-Turkic/tumšuk”, in Türkiye Türkcesindeki Türkçe Sözcüklerin Köken Bilgisi Sözlüğü (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 932

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