Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kaŋïr

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstruction

*kaŋïrug

Etymology

Unclear, no reliable etymology can be posited.

According to Altaicists; this form is 'no doubt archaic' (older than *burun) and is cognate with Proto-Mongolic *kamar (“nose”) (Mongolian хамар (xamar)), Evenki оңокто (oŋoqto), Korean 코 (ko) and Japanese 嗅(か)ぐ (kagu). Although proposed forms match semantically, this type of comparisons are not reliable and scholarly consensus is against Altaic theory.

Northern Altai [script needed] (kanžïr, “beak”) is from Mongolic хошуу (xošuu)^[1] and unrelated to forms below despite semantic and sound similarities.

Noun

*kaŋïr

(Siberian) nose
Synonyms: *burun, *tumšuk, *tāna
(Karluk, Oghuz) nasal cavity
Synonym: *keŋiŕ
(?) nose bridge, nasal bone
Synonym: *tīrek

Declension

Declension of *kaŋïr
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*kaŋïr
accusative	kaŋïrïg, kaŋïrnï¹⁾
genitive	*kaŋïrnïŋ
dative	*kaŋïrka
locative	*kaŋïrta
ablative	*kaŋïrtan
allative	*kaŋïrgaru
instrumental ²⁾	*kaŋïrïn
equative ²⁾	*kaŋïrča
similative ²⁾	*kaŋïrlayu
comitative ²⁾	*kaŋïrlïgu

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghuz:
- East Oghuz:
  - Turkmen: gaňşyrawuk (“nasal cavity”), goňursamak (“to reek”)
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (qaŋrak, “nasal cavity”)
Siberian:
- Western Yugur: [script needed] (kaŋrïq, “nose”)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan: хаай (xaay, “nose”)
    - Tofa: хаай (xaay, “nose”)

References

^ Poppe, N. 1960. Vergleischende Grammmatik der altaischen Sprachen. Teil 1. Wiesbaden. p. 96

Dybo, Anna (2013). Этимологический словарь базисной лексики тюркских языков (in Russian). TOO - Prosper Print. p. 413.
Räsänen, Martti (1969) “*kaŋur(uγ)”, in Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 232
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

[1] Poppe, N. 1960. Vergleischende Grammmatik der altaischen Sprachen. Teil 1. Wiesbaden. p. 96

[1]