Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tuman

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From Proto-Common Turkic *tu- +‎ *-man. Apparently similar to Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”).

Noun

*tuman

  1. (Common Turkic) smoke
  2. (Common Turkic) fog, mist, haze

Declension

Declension of *tuman (Common Turkic)
singular plural 2)
nominative *tuman *tumanlar
accusative
genitive *tumannïŋ *tumanlarnïŋ
dative *tumanka *tumanlarka
locative *tumanda *tumanlarda
ablative *tumandan *tumanlardan
instrumental 1) *tumanlarïn
equative 1) *tumanča *tumanlarča
1) The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Common Turkic languages.
2) This plural suffix is used only on Common Turkic, and not in Oghur. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: دومان
      • Azerbaijani: duman
      • Ottoman Turkish: دومان, طومان (duman)
        • Turkish: duman
        • Gagauz: duman
        • → Armenian: տո̈ւման (tüman), դուման (duman), թուման (tʻuman)
        • → Bulgarian: дума́н (dumán)
        • → Greek: ντουμάνι (ntoumáni)
          • ⇒ Greek: ντουμανιάζω (ntoumaniázo)
        • Kurdish:
          → Northern Kurdish: duman
          → Central Kurdish: دومان (duman)
        • → Macedonian: думан (duman)
        • → Serbo-Croatian:
          Cyrillic script: ду̀ма̄н
          Latin script: dùmān
    • Turkmen: duman
    • Salar: duman
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: [script needed] (tuman)
  • Kipchak:
  • Siberian:
  • Borrowed from an unknown Turkic source:


References

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