Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yȫr-
Proto-Turkic
Etymology
For the two meanings, compare *čöŕ- (“to untie; solve”).
Verb
*yȫr-
- (Common Turkic, transitive) to untie
- (Common Turkic, transitive) to interpret
Conjugation
Conjugation of *yȫr- (Common Turkic)
Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.
| Positive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | *yȫrmek | |||||||
| participle | present | *yȫrgen, yȫrügme, yȫrür | ||||||
| past | *yȫrtük, yȫrmiš | |||||||
| future | *yȫrteči, yȫrmekči, yȫrsik, yȫreček | |||||||
| verbal noun | *yȫrme, yȫrüg, yȫrgü | |||||||
| way of doing | *yȫrüš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *yȫrür ben | *yȫrür sen | *yȫrür | *yȫrür biz | *yȫrür siz | *yȫrür | |
| past | simple | *yȫrtüm | *yȫrtüŋ | *yȫrti | *yȫrtük, yȫrtümüz | *yȫrtüŋüz | *yȫrti | |
| inferential | *yȫrmiš ben | *yȫrmiš sen | *yȫrmiš | *yȫrmiš biz | *yȫrmiš siz | *yȫrmiš | ||
| future | simple | *yȫrteči ben, yȫrmekči ben, yȫreček ben | *yȫrteči sen, yȫrmekči sen, yȫreček sen | *yȫrteči, yȫrmekči, yȫreček | *yȫrteči biz, yȫrmekči biz, yȫreček biz | *yȫrteči siz, yȫrmekči siz, yȫreček siz | *yȫrteči, yȫrmekči, yȫreček | |
| predictive | *yȫrgey ben | *yȫrgey sen | *yȫrgey | *yȫrgey biz | *yȫrgey siz | *yȫrgey | ||
| necessitive | *yȫrsüküm | *yȫrsüküŋ | *yȫrsük | *yȫrsükümüz | *yȫrsüküŋüz | *yȫrsük | ||
| conditional | *yȫrsem, yȫrser ben | *yȫrseŋ, yȫrser sen | *yȫrse, yȫrser | *yȫrsek, yȫrsemiz, yȫrser biz | *yȫrseŋiz, yȫrser siz | *yȫrseler, yȫrser | ||
| optative | *yȫrgey ben | *yȫrgey sen | *yȫrgey | *yȫrgey biz | *yȫrgey siz | *yȫrgey | ||
| progressive | *yȫrmekde ben | *yȫrmekde sen | *yȫrmekde | *yȫrmekde biz | *yȫrmekde siz | *yȫrmekde | ||
| necessitative | *yȫrmelig ben | *yȫrmelig sen | *yȫrmelig | *yȫrmelig biz | *yȫrmelig siz | *yȫrmelig | ||
| imperative | *yȫreyin | *yȫr, yȫrgil | *yȫrzün | *yȫrelim | *yȫrüŋ | *yȫrzün | ||
| Negative | ||||||||
| infinitive | *yȫrmemek | |||||||
| participle | present | *yȫrmegen, yȫrmegme, yȫrmez | ||||||
| past | *yȫrmedük, yȫrmemiš | |||||||
| future | *yȫrmeči, yȫrmesik, yȫrmeyeček | |||||||
| verbal noun | *yȫrmeme, yȫrmeg, yȫrmegü | |||||||
| way of doing | *yȫrmeyüš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *yȫrmez ben | *yȫrmez sen | *yȫrmez | *yȫrmez biz | *yȫrmez siz | *yȫrmez | |
| past | simple | *yȫrmedüm | *yȫrmedüŋ | *yȫrmedi | *yȫrmedük, yȫrmedümüz | *yȫrmedüŋüz | *yȫrmedi | |
| inferential | *yȫrmemiš ben | *yȫrmemiš sen | *yȫrmemiš | *yȫrmemiš biz | *yȫrmemiš siz | *yȫrmemiš | ||
| future | simple | *yȫrmeči ben, yȫrmeyeček ben | *yȫrmeči sen, yȫrmeyeček sen | *yȫrmeči, yȫrmeyeček | *yȫrmeči biz, yȫrmeyeček biz | *yȫrmeči siz, yȫrmeyeček siz | *yȫrmeči, yȫrmeyeček | |
| predictive | *yȫrmegey ben | *yȫrmegey sen | *yȫrmegey | *yȫrmegey biz | *yȫrmegey siz | *yȫrmegey | ||
| necessitive | *yȫrmesüküm | *yȫrmesüküŋ | *yȫrmesük | *yȫrmesükümüz | *yȫrmesüküŋüz | *yȫrmesük | ||
| conditional | *yȫrmesem, yȫrmeser ben | *yȫrmeseŋ, yȫrmeser sen | *yȫrmese, yȫrmeser | *yȫrmesek, yȫrmesemiz, yȫrmeser biz | *yȫrmeseŋiz, yȫrmeser siz | *yȫrmeseler, yȫrmeser | ||
| optative | *yȫrmegey ben | *yȫrmegey sen | *yȫrmegey | *yȫrmegey biz | *yȫrmegey siz | *yȫrmegey | ||
| progressive | *yȫrmemekde ben | *yȫrmemekde sen | *yȫrmemekde | *yȫrmemekde biz | *yȫrmemekde siz | *yȫrmemekde | ||
| necessitative | *yȫrmemelig ben | *yȫrmemelig sen | *yȫrmemelig | *yȫrmemelig biz | *yȫrmemelig siz | *yȫrmemelig | ||
| imperative | *yȫrmeyeyin | *yȫrme, yȫrmegil | *yȫrmezün | *yȫrmeyelim | *yȫrmeyiŋ | *yȫrmezün | ||
Derived terms
- yȫr-ük (“interpretation”)
- yȫr-il- (“to be untied”)
Descendants
- Oghuz:
- Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (yörmek), [script needed] (yormaq)
- Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
- Bashkir: йурав (yurav)
- Tatar: йурарга (yurarga)
- South Kipchak:
- Kazakh: жору (joru)
- East Kipchak:
- Kyrgyz: жоруу (joruu)
- Southern Altai: јоро (ǰoro, “omen”)
- North Kipchak:
- Siberian:
- Old Uyghur: ywr (yör-)
- North Siberian:
- Yakut: сүөр (süör)
References
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “yör-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 955
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jor-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill