Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yẹŋ-
Proto-Turkic
Etymology
A possible borrowing from Middle Chinese 贏 (yeng, “to win”). Nişanyan suggests a derivation from *yẹg. [1]
Verb
*yẹŋ-
Conjugation
Conjugation of *yẹŋ- (Common Turkic)
Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.
| Positive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | *yẹŋmek | |||||||
| participle | present | *yẹŋgen, yẹŋügme, yẹŋür | ||||||
| past | *yẹŋdük, yẹŋmiš | |||||||
| future | *yẹŋdeči, yẹŋmekči, yẹŋsik, yẹŋeček | |||||||
| verbal noun | *yẹŋme, yẹŋüg, yẹŋgü | |||||||
| way of doing | *yẹŋüš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *yẹŋür ben | *yẹŋür sen | *yẹŋür | *yẹŋür biz | *yẹŋür siz | *yẹŋür | |
| past | simple | *yẹŋdüm | *yẹŋdüŋ | *yẹŋdi | *yẹŋdük, yẹŋdümüz | *yẹŋdüŋüz | *yẹŋdi | |
| inferential | *yẹŋmiš ben | *yẹŋmiš sen | *yẹŋmiš | *yẹŋmiš biz | *yẹŋmiš siz | *yẹŋmiš | ||
| future | simple | *yẹŋdeči ben, yẹŋmekči ben, yẹŋeček ben | *yẹŋdeči sen, yẹŋmekči sen, yẹŋeček sen | *yẹŋdeči, yẹŋmekči, yẹŋeček | *yẹŋdeči biz, yẹŋmekči biz, yẹŋeček biz | *yẹŋdeči siz, yẹŋmekči siz, yẹŋeček siz | *yẹŋdeči, yẹŋmekči, yẹŋeček | |
| predictive | *yẹŋgey ben | *yẹŋgey sen | *yẹŋgey | *yẹŋgey biz | *yẹŋgey siz | *yẹŋgey | ||
| necessitive | *yẹŋsüküm | *yẹŋsüküŋ | *yẹŋsük | *yẹŋsükümüz | *yẹŋsüküŋüz | *yẹŋsük | ||
| conditional | *yẹŋsem, yẹŋser ben | *yẹŋseŋ, yẹŋser sen | *yẹŋse, yẹŋser | *yẹŋsek, yẹŋsemiz, yẹŋser biz | *yẹŋseŋiz, yẹŋser siz | *yẹŋseler, yẹŋser | ||
| optative | *yẹŋgey ben | *yẹŋgey sen | *yẹŋgey | *yẹŋgey biz | *yẹŋgey siz | *yẹŋgey | ||
| progressive | *yẹŋmekde ben | *yẹŋmekde sen | *yẹŋmekde | *yẹŋmekde biz | *yẹŋmekde siz | *yẹŋmekde | ||
| necessitative | *yẹŋmelig ben | *yẹŋmelig sen | *yẹŋmelig | *yẹŋmelig biz | *yẹŋmelig siz | *yẹŋmelig | ||
| imperative | *yẹŋeyin | *yẹŋ, yẹŋgil | *yẹŋzün | *yẹŋelim | *yẹŋüŋ | *yẹŋzün | ||
| Negative | ||||||||
| infinitive | *yẹŋmemek | |||||||
| participle | present | *yẹŋmegen, yẹŋmegme, yẹŋmez | ||||||
| past | *yẹŋmedük, yẹŋmemiš | |||||||
| future | *yẹŋmeči, yẹŋmesik, yẹŋmeyeček | |||||||
| verbal noun | *yẹŋmeme, yẹŋmeg, yẹŋmegü | |||||||
| way of doing | *yẹŋmeyüš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *yẹŋmez ben | *yẹŋmez sen | *yẹŋmez | *yẹŋmez biz | *yẹŋmez siz | *yẹŋmez | |
| past | simple | *yẹŋmedüm | *yẹŋmedüŋ | *yẹŋmedi | *yẹŋmedük, yẹŋmedümüz | *yẹŋmedüŋüz | *yẹŋmedi | |
| inferential | *yẹŋmemiš ben | *yẹŋmemiš sen | *yẹŋmemiš | *yẹŋmemiš biz | *yẹŋmemiš siz | *yẹŋmemiš | ||
| future | simple | *yẹŋmeči ben, yẹŋmeyeček ben | *yẹŋmeči sen, yẹŋmeyeček sen | *yẹŋmeči, yẹŋmeyeček | *yẹŋmeči biz, yẹŋmeyeček biz | *yẹŋmeči siz, yẹŋmeyeček siz | *yẹŋmeči, yẹŋmeyeček | |
| predictive | *yẹŋmegey ben | *yẹŋmegey sen | *yẹŋmegey | *yẹŋmegey biz | *yẹŋmegey siz | *yẹŋmegey | ||
| necessitive | *yẹŋmesüküm | *yẹŋmesüküŋ | *yẹŋmesük | *yẹŋmesükümüz | *yẹŋmesüküŋüz | *yẹŋmesük | ||
| conditional | *yẹŋmesem, yẹŋmeser ben | *yẹŋmeseŋ, yẹŋmeser sen | *yẹŋmese, yẹŋmeser | *yẹŋmesek, yẹŋmesemiz, yẹŋmeser biz | *yẹŋmeseŋiz, yẹŋmeser siz | *yẹŋmeseler, yẹŋmeser | ||
| optative | *yẹŋmegey ben | *yẹŋmegey sen | *yẹŋmegey | *yẹŋmegey biz | *yẹŋmegey siz | *yẹŋmegey | ||
| progressive | *yẹŋmemekde ben | *yẹŋmemekde sen | *yẹŋmemekde | *yẹŋmemekde biz | *yẹŋmemekde siz | *yẹŋmemekde | ||
| necessitative | *yẹŋmemelig ben | *yẹŋmemelig sen | *yẹŋmemelig | *yẹŋmemelig biz | *yẹŋmemelig siz | *yẹŋmemelig | ||
| imperative | *yẹŋmeyeyin | *yẹŋme, yẹŋmegil | *yẹŋmezün | *yẹŋmeyelim | *yẹŋmeyiŋ | *yẹŋmezün | ||
Descendants
- Oghur:
- Chuvash: ҫӗн (śĕn)
- → Eastern Mari: сеҥалтмаш (seŋaltmaš)
- Common Turkic:
- Arghu:
- Khalaj: yəngmək
- Oghuz:
- Karluk:
- Karakhanid: يَنْكماكْ (yeŋmēk)
- Khorezmian Turkic:
- Chagatai:
- Uzbek: yengmoq
- Uyghur: يەڭمەك (yengmek)
- Chagatai:
- Khorezmian Turkic:
- Karakhanid: يَنْكماكْ (yeŋmēk)
- Kipchak:
- Siberian:
- South Siberian:
- Yenisei:
- Shor: [script needed] (neŋ-)
- Khakas: чиңерге (çiñerge)
- Yenisei:
- South Siberian:
References
- ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “yenmek”, in Nişanyan Sözlük