Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yorïnčga

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Sevortjan suggests a derivation such as *yōr- (“to untie; to interpret”) +‎ *-ïn- +‎ *-ïĺč- +‎ *-ga.

Clauson suggets that the root is obscure much like most words suffixed with *-ga.

Noun

*yorïnčga

(Common Turkic) clover

Declension

Declension of *yorïnčga
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*yorïnčga
accusative	yorïnčgag, yorïnčganï¹⁾
genitive	*yorïnčganïŋ
dative	*yorïnčgaka
locative	*yorïnčgada
ablative	*yorïnčgadan
allative	*yorïnčgagaru
instrumental ²⁾	*yorïnčgan
equative ²⁾	*yorïnčgača
similative ²⁾	*yorïnčgalayu
comitative ²⁾	*yorïnčgalïgu

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Proto-Common Turkic:
- Arghu:
  - Khalaj: yovunca
- Oghuz: [script needed] (yorınça)
  - West Oghuz:
    - Old Anatolian Turkish:
      Azerbaijani: yonca
      
      Ottoman Turkish: یونجه (yonca)
      → Tatar: йонча (yonça)
      
      → Bashkir: йонса (yonsa)
      
      → Krymchak: yonca
      
      → Karaim: yonca
      
      Turkish: yonca
      
      Gagauz: yonca
  - East Oghuz:
    - Turkmen: ýorunja
- Karluk:
  - Karakhanid: [script needed] (yorınçğa)
    - Uzbek: yoʻngʻichqa
- Kipchak:
  - West Kipchak:
    - Kumyk: ёнгурчгъа (yoñurçğa)
  - South Kipchak:
    - Karakalpak: йоңыншка (yoñışqa)
    - Kazakh: жоңышқа (joñyşqa), жоңырышқа (joñyryşqa)
    - Nogai: йорынша (yorınşa)
  - East Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: жоңгучка (joŋgucka)
- Siberian:
  - Old Turkic:
    - Old Uyghur: ywrwnčxʾ

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “yorınçğa”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 971
Sevortjan, E. V., Levitskaja, L. S. (1989) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, page 227
Räsänen, Martti (1969) “jorynča”, in Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 207
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “yonca”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jon-ɨrčka”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill