Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/biobanā

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Alternative forms

*bioban

Etymology

From *bi- +‎ *obanā.

Adverb

*biobanā

synonym of *obanā

Descendants

Old English: bufan
- Middle English: boven, bove
- ⇒ Old English: ābufan, onbufan
  - Middle English: aboven, above, abuven
    - English: above, aboon
      - ⇒? English: bove
    - Scots: abuin, abune, abane, abeen, abine, abin, abeun, abön (Northern Isles), aboon (literary)
    - Yola: aboo
Old Frisian: bova
- West Frisian: boppe (influenced by oppe)
Old Saxon: bioban, *biobana
- Middle Low German: bōven, bōvene
  - Low German: baven, boven
  - → Polabian: boven
Old Dutch: *biovan, *bovan
- Middle Dutch: boven
  - Dutch: boven
    - Afrikaans: bo
    - Berbice Creole Dutch: bofu
    - Javindo: bofen
    - Jersey Dutch: bôve
    - Negerhollands: boven, bovo, bobo, bu, bo
>? Old High German: *biobana, *biovana
- Middle High German: boben, bobene, boven (possibly borrowed or calqued from Middle Low German)
  - Rhine Franconian: bowen