Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kapēn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

*kapēn^[1]

to look, watch, stare

Inflection

Class 3 weak
Infinitive	*kapēn
1st sg. past	*kap?dā
Infinitive	*kapēn
Genitive infin.	*kapēnijas
Dative infin.	*kapēnijē
Instrum. infin.	*kapēniju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*kapē	*kap?dā
2nd singular	*kapēs	kap?dēs, kap?dēs
3rd singular	*kapēþ	kap?dē, kap?dā
1st plural	*kapēm	*kap?dum
2nd plural	*kapēþ	*kap?dud
3rd plural	*kapēnþ	*kap?dun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*kapē	*kap?dī
2nd singular	*kapēs	*kap?dī
3rd singular	*kapē	*kap?dī
1st plural	*kapēm	*kap?dīm
2nd plural	*kapēþ	*kap?dīd
3rd plural	*kapēn	*kap?dīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*kapē
Plural	*kapēþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*kapēndī	*kap?d

Related terms

*kōpijan

Descendants

Old English: capian
- Middle English: capen
  - English: cape
Old Frisian: *kapia
- >? Saterland Frisian: kaapje (“to go courting, look for a wife”)
Old Saxon: kapen
- Middle Low German: kāpen
Old Dutch: *capon
- Middle Dutch: cāpen
  - ⇒? Middle Dutch: cape (“lookout tower, beacon, lighthouse”)
    - Dutch: kaap
      - → West Frisian: kaap
Old High German: chaphēn, chapfēn, kapfēn
- Middle High German: kapfen, kaffen, gaffen (gaffen influenced by non-related Middle High German gaffen (“to gape, gawk, stare”))
  - German: kapfen (obsolete)

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 191: “PWGmc *kapē-”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 191: “PWGmc *kapē-”

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