akha
See also: Akha
Edo
Etymology
Cognates include Yoruba ẹ̀gà, Igala ìga, Urhobo ọriọka, and Idoma àga. Blench (2007) proposed a tentative reconstruction to Proto-Niger-Congo *-ga.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /à.xà/
Noun
akha
- any of the various species of weavers, particularly the village weaver
Northern Ndebele
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-jáka, a variant of Proto-Bantu *-jíbaka.
Verb
-ákha
- to build
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Southern Ndebele
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-jáka, a variant of Proto-Bantu *-jíbaka.
Verb
-âkha
- to build
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Swazi
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-jáka, a variant of Proto-Bantu *-jíbaka.
Verb
-âkha
- to build
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Tangkhul Naga
Numeral
akha
Xhosa
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-jáka, a variant of Proto-Bantu *-jíbaka.
Verb
-âkha
- to build
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-jáka, a variant of Proto-Bantu *-jíbaka.
Verb
-âkha
- (transitive) to build, to construct
- (transitive) to produce, to manufacture
Inflection
| positive | negative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | ukwakha | ukungakhi | ||||
| imperative | ||||||
| simple | + object concord | |||||
| singular | yakha | -akhe | ||||
| plural | yakhani | -akheni | ||||
| present | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyakha, ngakha | engakhayo, engakha | ngakha | angakhi | engingakhi | ngingakhi |
| 2nd singular | uyakha, wakha | owakhayo, owakha | wakha | awakhi | ongakhi | ungakhi |
| 1st plural | siyakha, sakha | esakhayo, esakha | sakha | asakhi | esingakhi | singakhi |
| 2nd plural | niyakha, nakha | enakhayo, enakha | nakha | anakhi | eningakhi | ningakhi |
| class 1 | uyakha, wakha | owakhayo, owakha | akha | akakhi | ongakhi | engakhi |
| class 2 | bayakha, bakha | abakhayo, abakha | bakha | abakhi | abangakhi | bengakhi |
| class 3 | uyakha, wakha | owakhayo, owakha | wakha | awakhi | ongakhi | ungakhi |
| class 4 | iyakha, yakha | eyakhayo, eyakha | yakha | ayakhi | engakhi | ingakhi |
| class 5 | liyakha, lakha | elakhayo, elakha | lakha | alakhi | elingakhi | lingakhi |
| class 6 | ayakha, akha | akhayo, akha | akha | awakhi | angakhi | engakhi |
| class 7 | siyakha, sakha | esakhayo, esakha | sakha | asakhi | esingakhi | singakhi |
| class 8 | ziyakha, zakha | ezakhayo, ezakha | zakha | azakhi | ezingakhi | zingakhi |
| class 9 | iyakha, yakha | eyakhayo, eyakha | yakha | ayakhi | engakhi | ingakhi |
| class 10 | ziyakha, zakha | ezakhayo, ezakha | zakha | azakhi | ezingakhi | zingakhi |
| class 11 | luyakha, lwakha | olwakhayo, olwakha | lwakha | alwakhi | olungakhi | lungakhi |
| class 14 | buyakha, bakha | obakhayo, obakha | bakha | abakhi | obungakhi | bungakhi |
| class 15 | kuyakha, kwakha | okwakhayo, okwakha | kwakha | akwakhi | okungakhi | kungakhi |
| class 17 | kuyakha, kwakha | okwakhayo, okwakha | kwakha | akwakhi | okungakhi | kungakhi |
| recent past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngakhile, ngakhē | engakhile, engakhē | ngakhile, ngakhē | angakhanga | engingakhanga | ngingakhanga |
| 2nd singular | wakhile, wakhē | owakhile, owakhē | wakhile, wakhē | awakhanga | ongakhanga | ungakhanga |
| 1st plural | sakhile, sakhē | esakhile, esakhē | sakhile, sakhē | asakhanga | esingakhanga | singakhanga |
| 2nd plural | nakhile, nakhē | enakhile, enakhē | nakhile, nakhē | anakhanga | eningakhanga | ningakhanga |
| class 1 | wakhile, wakhē | owakhile, owakhē | akhile, akhē | akakhanga | ongakhanga | engakhanga |
| class 2 | bakhile, bakhē | abakhile, abakhē | bakhile, bakhē | abakhanga | abangakhanga | bengakhanga |
| class 3 | wakhile, wakhē | owakhile, owakhē | wakhile, wakhē | awakhanga | ongakhanga | ungakhanga |
| class 4 | yakhile, yakhē | eyakhile, eyakhē | yakhile, yakhē | ayakhanga | engakhanga | ingakhanga |
| class 5 | lakhile, lakhē | elakhile, elakhē | lakhile, lakhē | alakhanga | elingakhanga | lingakhanga |
| class 6 | akhile, akhē | akhile, akhē | akhile, akhē | awakhanga | angakhanga | engakhanga |
| class 7 | sakhile, sakhē | esakhile, esakhē | sakhile, sakhē | asakhanga | esingakhanga | singakhanga |
| class 8 | zakhile, zakhē | ezakhile, ezakhē | zakhile, zakhē | azakhanga | ezingakhanga | zingakhanga |
| class 9 | yakhile, yakhē | eyakhile, eyakhē | yakhile, yakhē | ayakhanga | engakhanga | ingakhanga |
| class 10 | zakhile, zakhē | ezakhile, ezakhē | zakhile, zakhē | azakhanga | ezingakhanga | zingakhanga |
| class 11 | lwakhile, lwakhē | olwakhile, olwakhē | lwakhile, lwakhē | alwakhanga | olungakhanga | lungakhanga |
| class 14 | bakhile, bakhē | obakhile, obakhē | bakhile, bakhē | abakhanga | obungakhanga | bungakhanga |
| class 15 | kwakhile, kwakhē | okwakhile, okwakhē | kwakhile, kwakhē | akwakhanga | okungakhanga | kungakhanga |
| class 17 | kwakhile, kwakhē | okwakhile, okwakhē | kwakhile, kwakhē | akwakhanga | okungakhanga | kungakhanga |
| remote past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngākha | engākha | ngākha | angakhanga | engingakhanga | ngingakhanga |
| 2nd singular | wākha | owākha | wākha | awakhanga | ongakhanga | ungakhanga |
| 1st plural | sākha | esākha | sākha | asakhanga | esingakhanga | singakhanga |
| 2nd plural | nākha | enākha | nākha | anakhanga | eningakhanga | ningakhanga |
| class 1 | wākha | owākha | ākha | akakhanga | ongakhanga | engakhanga |
| class 2 | bākha | abākha | bākha | abakhanga | abangakhanga | bengakhanga |
| class 3 | wākha | owākha | wākha | awakhanga | ongakhanga | ungakhanga |
| class 4 | yākha | eyākha | yākha | ayakhanga | engakhanga | ingakhanga |
| class 5 | lākha | elākha | lākha | alakhanga | elingakhanga | lingakhanga |
| class 6 | ākha | ākha | ākha | awakhanga | angakhanga | engakhanga |
| class 7 | sākha | esākha | sākha | asakhanga | esingakhanga | singakhanga |
| class 8 | zākha | ezākha | zākha | azakhanga | ezingakhanga | zingakhanga |
| class 9 | yākha | eyākha | yākha | ayakhanga | engakhanga | ingakhanga |
| class 10 | zākha | ezākha | zākha | azakhanga | ezingakhanga | zingakhanga |
| class 11 | lwākha | olwākha | lwākha | alwakhanga | olungakhanga | lungakhanga |
| class 14 | bākha | obākha | bākha | abakhanga | obungakhanga | bungakhanga |
| class 15 | kwākha | okwākha | kwākha | akwakhanga | okungakhanga | kungakhanga |
| class 17 | kwākha | okwākha | kwākha | akwakhanga | okungakhanga | kungakhanga |
| potential | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngingakha | — | ngingakha | ngingakhe | — | ngingakhe |
| 2nd singular | ungakha | — | ungakha | ungakhe | — | ungakhe |
| 1st plural | singakha | — | singakha | singakhe | — | singakhe |
| 2nd plural | ningakha | — | ningakha | ningakhe | — | ningakhe |
| class 1 | angakha | — | engakha | angakhe | — | engakhe |
| class 2 | bangakha | — | bengakha | bangakhe | — | bengakhe |
| class 3 | ungakha | — | ungakha | ungakhe | — | ungakhe |
| class 4 | ingakha | — | ingakha | ingakhe | — | ingakhe |
| class 5 | lingakha | — | lingakha | lingakhe | — | lingakhe |
| class 6 | angakha | — | engakha | angakhe | — | engakhe |
| class 7 | singakha | — | singakha | singakhe | — | singakhe |
| class 8 | zingakha | — | zingakha | zingakhe | — | zingakhe |
| class 9 | ingakha | — | ingakha | ingakhe | — | ingakhe |
| class 10 | zingakha | — | zingakha | zingakhe | — | zingakhe |
| class 11 | lungakha | — | lungakha | lungakhe | — | lungakhe |
| class 14 | bungakha | — | bungakha | bungakhe | — | bungakhe |
| class 15 | kungakha | — | kungakha | kungakhe | — | kungakhe |
| class 17 | kungakha | — | kungakha | kungakhe | — | kungakhe |
| immediate future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngizokwakha | engizokwakha | ngizokwakha | angizukwakha | engingezukwakha | ngingezukwakha |
| 2nd singular | uzokwakha | ozokwakha | uzokwakha | awuzukwakha | ongezukwakha | ungezukwakha |
| 1st plural | sizokwakha | esizokwakha | sizokwakha | asizukwakha | esingezukwakha | singezukwakha |
| 2nd plural | nizokwakha | enizokwakha | nizokwakha | anizukwakha | eningezukwakha | ningezukwakha |
| class 1 | uzokwakha | ozokwakha | ezokwakha | akazukwakha | ongezukwakha | engezukwakha |
| class 2 | bazokwakha | abazokwakha | bezokwakha | abazukwakha | abangezukwakha | bengezukwakha |
| class 3 | uzokwakha | ozokwakha | uzokwakha | awuzukwakha | ongezukwakha | ungezukwakha |
| class 4 | izokwakha | ezokwakha | izokwakha | ayizukwakha | engezukwakha | ingezukwakha |
| class 5 | lizokwakha | elizokwakha | lizokwakha | alizukwakha | elingezukwakha | lingezukwakha |
| class 6 | azokwakha | azokwakha | ezokwakha | awazukwakha | angezukwakha | engezukwakha |
| class 7 | sizokwakha | esizokwakha | sizokwakha | asizukwakha | esingezukwakha | singezukwakha |
| class 8 | zizokwakha | ezizokwakha | zizokwakha | azizukwakha | ezingezukwakha | zingezukwakha |
| class 9 | izokwakha | ezokwakha | izokwakha | ayizukwakha | engezukwakha | ingezukwakha |
| class 10 | zizokwakha | ezizokwakha | zizokwakha | azizukwakha | ezingezukwakha | zingezukwakha |
| class 11 | luzokwakha | oluzokwakha | luzokwakha | aluzukwakha | olungezukwakha | lungezukwakha |
| class 14 | buzokwakha | obuzokwakha | buzokwakha | abuzukwakha | obungezukwakha | bungezukwakha |
| class 15 | kuzokwakha | okuzokwakha | kuzokwakha | akuzukwakha | okungezukwakha | kungezukwakha |
| class 17 | kuzokwakha | okuzokwakha | kuzokwakha | akuzukwakha | okungezukwakha | kungezukwakha |
| remote future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyokwakha | engiyokwakha | ngiyokwakha | angiyukwakha | engingeyukwakha | ngingeyukwakha |
| 2nd singular | uyokwakha | oyokwakha | uyokwakha | awuyukwakha | ongeyukwakha | ungeyukwakha |
| 1st plural | siyokwakha | esiyokwakha | siyokwakha | asiyukwakha | esingeyukwakha | singeyukwakha |
| 2nd plural | niyokwakha | eniyokwakha | niyokwakha | aniyukwakha | eningeyukwakha | ningeyukwakha |
| class 1 | uyokwakha | oyokwakha | eyokwakha | akayukwakha | ongeyukwakha | engeyukwakha |
| class 2 | bayokwakha | abayokwakha | beyokwakha | abayukwakha | abangeyukwakha | bengeyukwakha |
| class 3 | uyokwakha | oyokwakha | uyokwakha | awuyukwakha | ongeyukwakha | ungeyukwakha |
| class 4 | iyokwakha | eyokwakha | iyokwakha | ayiyukwakha | engeyukwakha | ingeyukwakha |
| class 5 | liyokwakha | eliyokwakha | liyokwakha | aliyukwakha | elingeyukwakha | lingeyukwakha |
| class 6 | ayokwakha | ayokwakha | eyokwakha | awayukwakha | angeyukwakha | engeyukwakha |
| class 7 | siyokwakha | esiyokwakha | siyokwakha | asiyukwakha | esingeyukwakha | singeyukwakha |
| class 8 | ziyokwakha | eziyokwakha | ziyokwakha | aziyukwakha | ezingeyukwakha | zingeyukwakha |
| class 9 | iyokwakha | eyokwakha | iyokwakha | ayiyukwakha | engeyukwakha | ingeyukwakha |
| class 10 | ziyokwakha | eziyokwakha | ziyokwakha | aziyukwakha | ezingeyukwakha | zingeyukwakha |
| class 11 | luyokwakha | oluyokwakha | luyokwakha | aluyukwakha | olungeyukwakha | lungeyukwakha |
| class 14 | buyokwakha | obuyokwakha | buyokwakha | abuyukwakha | obungeyukwakha | bungeyukwakha |
| class 15 | kuyokwakha | okuyokwakha | kuyokwakha | akuyukwakha | okungeyukwakha | kungeyukwakha |
| class 17 | kuyokwakha | okuyokwakha | kuyokwakha | akuyukwakha | okungeyukwakha | kungeyukwakha |
| present subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngakhe | ngingakhi | ||||
| 2nd singular | wakhe | ungakhi | ||||
| 1st plural | sakhe | singakhi | ||||
| 2nd plural | nakhe | ningakhi | ||||
| class 1 | akhe | angakhi | ||||
| class 2 | bakhe | bangakhi | ||||
| class 3 | wakhe | ungakhi | ||||
| class 4 | yakhe | ingakhi | ||||
| class 5 | lakhe | lingakhi | ||||
| class 6 | akhe | angakhi | ||||
| class 7 | sakhe | singakhi | ||||
| class 8 | zakhe | zingakhi | ||||
| class 9 | yakhe | ingakhi | ||||
| class 10 | zakhe | zingakhi | ||||
| class 11 | lwakhe | lungakhi | ||||
| class 14 | bakhe | bungakhi | ||||
| class 15 | kwakhe | kungakhi | ||||
| class 17 | kwakhe | kungakhi | ||||
| past subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngakha | ngangakha, angakha, angangakha | ||||
| 2nd singular | wakha | wangakha, awakha, awangakha | ||||
| 1st plural | sakha | sangakha, asakha, asangakha | ||||
| 2nd plural | nakha | nangakha, anakha, anangakha | ||||
| class 1 | wakha | wangakha, akakha, akangakha | ||||
| class 2 | bakha | bangakha, abakha, abangakha | ||||
| class 3 | wakha | wangakha, awakha, awangakha | ||||
| class 4 | yakha | yangakha, ayakha, ayangakha | ||||
| class 5 | lakha | langakha, alakha, alangakha | ||||
| class 6 | akha | angakha, awakha, awangakha | ||||
| class 7 | sakha | sangakha, asakha, asangakha | ||||
| class 8 | zakha | zangakha, azakha, azangakha | ||||
| class 9 | yakha | yangakha, ayakha, ayangakha | ||||
| class 10 | zakha | zangakha, azakha, azangakha | ||||
| class 11 | lwakha | lwangakha, alwakha, alwangakha | ||||
| class 14 | bakha | bangakha, abakha, abangakha | ||||
| class 15 | kwakha | kwangakha, akwakha, akwangakha | ||||
| class 17 | kwakha | kwangakha, akwakha, akwangakha | ||||
Derived terms
- -akhela (applicative)
- -akhisa (causative)
- -akhayakha (diminutive)
- -akhisisa (intensive)
- -akheka (neuter-passive)
- -akhiwa (passive)
- -akhelela (perfective)
- -akhana (reciprocal)
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “akha”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “akha (4.3)”