astoing

Old Irish

Etymology

From a conflation of Proto-Celtic *exsstungeti (“to bend out”) and tongaid (“to swear”). The two verbs are genetically unrelated.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /asˈtoŋʲɡʲ/

Verb

as·toing (prototonic ·eitig, verbal noun etech)

  1. to refuse
    • c. 800–900, Serglige Con Chulainn, from the Lebor na hUídre, published in Serglige Con Culainn, Mediaeval and Modern Irish Series 14, Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1953, edited by Myles Dillon, section 26
      Ní ettis nech cena domanches.
      May you not refuse anyone... [unintelligible; without a cow? except in the case of bad service? without a burdensome retinue (if read as cena dáim n-ainceisse]?
    • Sechtae, published in Ancient Laws of Ireland: Uraicecht Becc and Certain Other Selected Brehon Law Tracts (1901, Dublin: Stationery Office), edited and with translations by W. Neilson Hancock, Thaddeus O'Mahony, Alexander George Richey, and Robert Atkinson, vol. 5, pp. 117-373, page 176
      [...] ben is·toing cach richt, ate mná ind-so ná dlé lóg-enech.
      ...women who refuse [food] to every kind of person, these are the women who do not deserve any honour-price.

Inflection

Complex, class B III present, reduplicated preterite, s subjunctive
active passive
singular plural singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
present indicative deut. as·toing
prot. ·eitig ·eitegar
imperfect indicative deut.
prot.
preterite deut.
prot.
perfect deut. at·cuitig
prot.
future deut.
prot.
conditional deut.
prot.
present subjunctive deut. as·tó
prot. ·ettis
past subjunctive deut.
prot.
imperative
verbal noun etech
past participle
verbal of necessity

Descendants

  • Middle Irish: etchid

Mutation

Mutation of as·toing
radical lenition nasalization
as·toing as·thoing as·toing
pronounced with /d-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

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