tongaid

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *tungeti, of complicated etymology.[1] See the Proto-Celtic page for more.

Additionally, there is no etymological relation between tongaid and as·toing (“to refuse”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈtoŋɡɨðʲ]

Verb

tongaid (conjunct ·toing, verbal noun lugae or luige)

  1. to swear (an oath)
    • c. 697-900, Cáin Adomnáin, published in Cáin Adamnáin: an old-Irish treatise on the law of Adamnan (1905, Oxford University Press), edited and with translations by Kuno Meyer, §29
      To·cuitchetar trá huli láechu ⁊ cléircu óg Cána Adomnán do comalnad co brád.
      So, everyone (laymen and clerics included) has sworn to fulfil the Cáin Adomnáin [lit. Law of Adomnán] in its entirety forever.
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 36a20
      Is maith les a firlugae no·thongad cach fri alaile hi recht ⁊ ní chairigedar.
      He holds in regard the oath that he used to swear to another in law and does not blame it.
    • c. 700–800 Táin Bó Cúailnge, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, published in The Táin Bó Cúailnge from the Yellow Book of Lecan, with variant readings from the Lebor na hUidre (1912, Dublin: Hodges, Figgis, and Co.), edited by John Strachan and James George O'Keeffe, TBC-I 1060
      Abair frisna legi, bíth comardae fora mbuidin, ⁊ toinged a n-imchoimét frim, ⁊ tom·iced bïad cach n-óen-aichde [n-óen-aidche, LU] úaidib.
      Tell the physicians: let there be a token for their group. Let [the physicians] swear the preservation of life to me, and let rations come to me every single night from them.

Conjugation

Simple, class B III present, reduplicated preterite, s future, s subjunctive
active passive
singular plural singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
present indicative abs. tongu tongmai
conj. ·toing ·tongat
rel. toingte
imperfect indicative ·tongad
preterite abs.
conj. ·tochta
rel.
perfect deut. do·cuitig to·cuitchetar
prot.
future abs. tithis tithis tithsat titsaither tithsitir
conj. ·tithis
rel.
conditional
present subjunctive abs.
conj. ·tois ·tó ·tosat
rel. tosar
past subjunctive ·toissed; ·tochtaised (augmented)
imperative toinged
verbal noun luge, luige; lugae
past participle tochta
verbal of necessity

Derived terms

  • ar·toing
  • do·toing
  • for·toing
  • fris·toing
  • imm·toing

References

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “tong-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 383

Further reading

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