bjarga

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse bjarga, from Proto-Germanic *berganą, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰergʰ-.

Verb

bjarga (third person singular past indicative bjargaði, third person plural past indicative bjargaðu, supine bjargað)

  1. to save, to rescue
    at bjarga heimin
    to save the world

Conjugation

Conjugation of (group v-30)
infinitive
supine bjargað
present past
first singular bjargi bjargaði
second singular bjargar bjargaði
third singular bjargar bjargaði
plural bjarga bjargaðu
participle (a6)1 bjargandi bjargaður
imperative
singular bjarga!
plural bjargið!

1Only the past participle being declined.

Icelandic

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈpjarka/
  • Rhymes: -arka

Etymology 1

From Old Norse bjarga, from Proto-Germanic *berganą, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰergʰ-.

Verb

bjarga (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative bjargaði, supine bjargað) or
(archaic) bjarga (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative barg, third-person plural past indicative burgu, supine borgið)

  1. to save, rescue [with dative]
  2. to take care of, handle (something that came up or something that needs to be done) [with dative]
  3. (reflexive) to sustain oneself, make a living [with dative]
  4. (reflexive) to manage, get along [with dative]
  5. (mediopassive) to sustain oneself, make a living
  6. (mediopassive) to survive, be saved, escape death or calamity
  7. (mediopassive, describing a situation) to turn out all right, to get resolved
Conjugation
bjarga – active voice (germynd)
infinitive nafnháttur bjarga
supine sagnbót bjargað
present participle
bjargandi
indicative
subjunctive
present
past
present
past
singular ég bjarga bjargaði bjargi bjargaði
þú bjargar bjargaðir bjargir bjargaðir
hann, hún, það bjargar bjargaði bjargi bjargaði
plural við björgum björguðum björgum björguðum
þið bjargið björguðuð bjargið björguðuð
þeir, þær, þau bjarga björguðu bjargi björguðu
imperative boðháttur
singular þú bjarga (þú), bjargaðu
plural þið bjargið (þið), bjargiði1
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
bjargast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
infinitive nafnháttur að bjargast
supine sagnbót bjargast
present participle
bjargandist (rare; see appendix)
indicative
subjunctive
present
past
present
past
singular ég bjargast bjargaðist bjargist bjargaðist
þú bjargast bjargaðist bjargist bjargaðist
hann, hún, það bjargast bjargaðist bjargist bjargaðist
plural við björgumst björguðumst björgumst björguðumst
þið bjargist björguðust bjargist björguðust
þeir, þær, þau bjargast björguðust bjargist björguðust
imperative boðháttur
singular þú bjargast (þú), bjargastu
plural þið bjargist (þið), bjargisti1
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
bjargaður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging)
singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)
bjargaður björguð bjargað bjargaðir bjargaðar björguð
accusative
(þolfall)
bjargaðan bjargaða bjargað bjargaða bjargaðar björguð
dative
(þágufall)
björguðum bjargaðri björguðu björguðum björguðum björguðum
genitive
(eignarfall)
bjargaðs bjargaðrar bjargaðs bjargaðra bjargaðra bjargaðra
weak declension
(veik beyging)
singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)
bjargaði bjargaða bjargaða björguðu björguðu björguðu
accusative
(þolfall)
bjargaða björguðu bjargaða björguðu björguðu björguðu
dative
(þágufall)
bjargaða björguðu bjargaða björguðu björguðu björguðu
genitive
(eignarfall)
bjargaða björguðu bjargaða björguðu björguðu björguðu

or

bjarga – active voice (germynd)
infinitive nafnháttur bjarga
supine sagnbót borgið
present participle
bjargandi
indicative
subjunctive
present
past
present
past
singular ég berg barg bjargi byrgi
þú bergur bargst bjargir byrgir
hann, hún, það bergur barg bjargi byrgi
plural við björgum burgum björgum byrgjum
þið bjargið burguð bjargið byrgjuð
þeir, þær, þau bjarga burgu bjargi byrgju
imperative boðháttur
singular þú bjarg (þú), bjargðu
plural þið bjargið (þið), bjargiði1
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
bjargast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
infinitive nafnháttur að bjargast
supine sagnbót borgist
present participle
bjargandist (rare; see appendix)
indicative
subjunctive
present
past
present
past
singular ég bergst bargst bjargist byrgist
þú bergst bargst bjargist byrgist
hann, hún, það bergst bargst bjargist byrgist
plural við björgumst burgumst björgumst byrgjumst
þið bjargist burgust bjargist byrgjust
þeir, þær, þau bjargast burgust bjargist byrgjust
imperative boðháttur
singular þú bjargst (þú), bjargstu
plural þið bjargist (þið), bjargisti1
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
borginn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging)
singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)
borginn borgin borgið borgnir borgnar borgin
accusative
(þolfall)
borginn borgna borgið borgna borgnar borgin
dative
(þágufall)
borgnum borginni borgnu borgnum borgnum borgnum
genitive
(eignarfall)
borgins borginnar borgins borginna borginna borginna
weak declension
(veik beyging)
singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)
borgni borgna borgna borgnu borgnu borgnu
accusative
(þolfall)
borgna borgnu borgna borgnu borgnu borgnu
dative
(þágufall)
borgna borgnu borgna borgnu borgnu borgnu
genitive
(eignarfall)
borgna borgnu borgna borgnu borgnu borgnu

Etymology 2

Noun

bjarga

  1. indefinite genitive plural of björg

Etymology 3

Noun

bjarga

  1. indefinite genitive plural of bjarg

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *berganą, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰergʰ-.

Verb

bjarga (singular past indicative barg, plural past indicative burgu, past participle borginn)

  1. to save, rescue [with dative]

Conjugation

Conjugation of bjarga — active (strong class 3)
infinitive berga
present participle bergandi
past participle borginn
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular berg barg berga byrga
2nd person singular bergr bart bergir byrgir
3rd person singular bergr barg bergi byrgi
1st person plural bergum burgum bergim byrgim
2nd person plural bergið burguð bergið byrgið
3rd person plural berga burgu bergi byrgi
imperative present
2nd person singular berg
1st person plural bergum
2nd person plural bergið
Conjugation of bjarga — mediopassive (strong class 3)
infinitive bergask
present participle bergandisk
past participle borgizk
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular bergumk burgumk bergumk byrgumk
2nd person singular bersk barsk bergisk byrgisk
3rd person singular bersk barsk bergisk byrgisk
1st person plural bergumsk burgumsk bergimsk byrgimsk
2nd person plural bergizk burguzk bergizk byrgizk
3rd person plural bergask burgusk bergisk byrgisk
imperative present
2nd person singular bersk
1st person plural bergumsk
2nd person plural bergizk

Descendants

  • Icelandic: bjarga
  • Faroese: bjarga
  • Norwegian: berge
  • Old Swedish: biærgha
  • Old Danish: biærghæ

Further reading

  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “bjarga”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive