bocht

Dutch

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bɔxt/
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation: bocht
Rhymes: -ɔxt

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch bocht, from Old Dutch *buht, from Proto-West Germanic *buhti, from Proto-Germanic *buhtiz. Equivalent to buigen (“to bend, bow”) +‎ -t (“verbal noun”).

Noun

bocht f or m (plural bochten, diminutive bochtje n)

a bend, curve, inflection, something not straight
a twist, change
a bight, broad curvature of a coastline, bay

Derived terms

Descendants

Berbice Creole Dutch: boktu
→ Papiamentu: bògt
→ Sranan Tongo: boktu
- → Aukan: bokutu
- → Caribbean Javanese: boktu

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch bocht, becht, bacht (“garbage, dung, shit”), possibly from Proto-West Germanic *buggjan (“to buy”), though this is at odds with the last two forms.^[1]

Noun

bocht m or n (uncountable)

(now Belgium) junk, rubbish
junk, booze, moonshine
(Netherlands) disgusting drink, trash, rubbish
Hij zei dat de bocht die hij ons gaf whiskey was, maar het smaakte er niet naar.
He said that the foul drink he gave us was whiskey, but it didn't taste like it.

References

^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “bocht2”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish bocht (“poor”), from Proto-Celtic *boxtos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰogtós, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to break”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bˠɔxt̪ˠ/^[1]^[2]^[3]

Adjective

bocht (genitive singular masculine boicht, genitive singular feminine boichte, plural bochta, comparative boichte)

poor (of circumstances, of quality, condition, expressing pity, sympathy, expressing dislike, contempt)
stingy
(nominalized, masculine) poor person

Declension

Declension of *bocht*
Positive	singular		plural
Positive	masculine	feminine	strong noun	weak noun
nominative	bocht	bhocht	bochta; bhochta²
vocative	bhoicht	bhocht	bochta
genitive	bhoicht	boichte	bochta	bocht
dative	bocht; bhocht¹	bhocht; bhoicht (archaic)	bochta; bhochta²

Comparative	níos boichte
Superlative	is boichte

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Synonyms

Derived terms

Mutation

Mutated forms of *bocht*
radical	lenition	eclipsis
bocht	bhocht	mbocht

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 31, page 18
^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 47
^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 380, page 128

Old Irish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /boxt/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *boxtos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰogtós, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to break”).

Adjective

bocht

poor
(Christianity) of one who has taken a vow of poverty

Inflection

o/ā-stem
singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	bocht	bocht	bocht
vocative	boicht* bocht**	bocht
accusative	bocht	boicht
genitive	boicht	boichte	boicht
dative	bocht	boicht	bocht
plural	masculine	feminine/neuter
nominative	boicht	bochta
vocative	bochtu bochta†
accusative	bochtu bochta†
genitive	bocht
dative	bochtaib

*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative
**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Descendants

Irish: bocht
Manx: boght
Scottish Gaelic: bochd

Noun

bocht m or f

poor person, pauper
the poor (in a collective sense)

Inflection

As a masculine noun:

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	bocht	bocht^L	boicht^L
vocative	boicht	bocht^L	bochtu^H
accusative	bocht^N	bocht^L	bochtu^H
genitive	boicht^L	bocht	bocht^N
dative	bocht^L	bochtaib	bochtaib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

^H = triggers aspiration
^L = triggers lenition
^N = triggers nasalization

As a feminine noun:

Feminine ā-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	bocht^L	boicht^L	bochta^H
vocative	bocht^L	boicht^L	bochta^H
accusative	boicht^N	boicht^L	bochta^H
genitive	boichte^H	bocht^L	bocht^N
dative	boicht^L	bochtaib	bochtaib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

^H = triggers aspiration
^L = triggers lenition
^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

Manx: boght

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

·bocht

passive singular preterite of bongaid

Mutation

Mutation of *bocht*
radical	lenition	nasalization
bocht	bocht pronounced with /β-/	mbocht

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Scots

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [boxt]
(Central Scots) IPA^(key): [bot], [boʔ]
(South Scots) IPA^(key): [bʌu(x)t]

Verb

bocht

simple past tense and past participle of buy

[1] van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “bocht2”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

[2] Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 31, page 18

[3] Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 47

[4] Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 380, page 128

[1]

[1]

[2]

[3]

Dutch

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Derived terms

Descendants

Etymology 2

Noun

References

Irish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Declension

Synonyms

Derived terms

Mutation

References

Further reading

Old Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Adjective

Inflection

Descendants

Noun

Inflection

Descendants

Etymology 2

Verb

Mutation

Scots

Pronunciation

Verb