esmer
See also: esmér
Old French
Alternative forms
- aesmer
Etymology
Inherited from Latin aestimāre, possibly with the prefix ad- (cf. Medieval Latin adaestimare). Eventually replaced with a borrowing in Middle and modern French (estimer), as this word came too close in pronunciation to aimer (similar due to this word later became pronounced like modern *êmer).
Verb
esmer
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of esmer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | esmer | avoir esmé | |||||
| gerund | en esmant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | esmant | ||||||
| past participle | esmé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | esme | esmes | esme | esmons | esmez | esment |
| imperfect | esmoie, esmeie, esmoe, esmeve | esmoies, esmeies, esmoes, esmeves | esmoit, esmeit, esmot, esmeve | esmiiens, esmiens | esmiiez, esmiez | esmoient, esmeient, esmoent, esmevent | |
| preterite | esmai | esmas | esma | esmames | esmastes | esmerent | |
| future | esmerai | esmeras | esmera | esmerons | esmeroiz, esmereiz, esmerez | esmeront | |
| conditional | esmeroie, esmereie | esmeroies, esmereies | esmeroit, esmereit | esmeriiens, esmeriens | esmeriiez, esmeriez | esmeroient, esmereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | esme | esmes | esme | esmons | esmez | esment |
| imperfect | esmasse | esmasses | esmast | esmissons, esmissiens | esmissoiz, esmissez, esmissiez | esmassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | esme | — | esmons | esmez | — | ||
Descendants
- English: aim
Turkish
Etymology
From Ottoman Turkish اسمر (esmer), from Arabic أَسْمَر (ʔasmar).
Adjective
esmer
Declension
| present tense | ||
|---|---|---|
| positive declarative | positive interrogative | |
| ben (I am) | esmerim | esmer miyim? |
| sen (you are) | esmersin | esmer misin? |
| o (he/she/it is) | esmer / esmer?ir | esmer mi? |
| biz (we are) | esmeriz | esmer miyiz? |
| siz (you are) | esmersiniz | esmer misiniz? |
| onlar (they are) | esmer(ler) | esmer(ler) mi? |
| past tense | ||
| positive declarative | positive interrogative | |
| ben (I was) | esmer?im | esmer miydim? |
| sen (you were) | esmer?in | esmer miydin? |
| o (he/she/it was) | esmer?i | esmer miydi? |
| biz (we were) | esmer?ik | esmer miydik? |
| siz (you were) | esmer?iniz | esmer miydiniz? |
| onlar (they were) | esmer?iler | esmer miydiler? |
| indirect past | ||
| positive declarative | positive interrogative | |
| ben (I was) | esmermişim | esmer miymişim? |
| sen (you were) | esmermişsin | esmer miymişsin? |
| o (he/she/it was) | esmermiş | esmer miymiş? |
| biz (we were) | esmermişiz | esmer miymişiz? |
| siz (you were) | esmermişsiniz | esmer miymişsiniz? |
| onlar (they were) | esmermişler | esmer miymişler? |
| conditional | ||
| positive declarative | positive interrogative | |
| ben (if I) | esmersem | esmer miysem? |
| sen (if you) | esmersen | esmer miysen? |
| o (if he/she/it) | esmerse | esmer miyse? |
| biz (if we) | esmersek | esmer miysek? |
| siz (if you) | esmerseniz | esmer miyseniz? |
| onlar (if they) | esmerseler | esmer miyseler? |
For negative forms, use the appropriate form of değil.
Noun
esmer (definite accusative esmeri, plural esmerler)
- someone brunet or brunette
Declension
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Synonyms
- kara
- (obsolete) karaşın
References
- Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “esmer”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat[1] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 280
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “esmer”, in Nişanyan Sözlük