English
Noun
gr
- Abbreviation of grain, a unit of mass.
- (rare) Abbreviation of gram; the standard symbol for gram since the International System of Units was introduced in 1960 is g.
Anagrams
Egyptian
Pronunciation
Verb
2-lit.
- (intransitive) to be(come) silent [Pyramid Texts to Late Period]
c. 1900 BCE,
The Instructions of Kagemni (
pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.12–2.1:
- jmj pr rn.k jw gr.k m r(ꜣ).k njs.t(w).k
- Let your reputation emerge, even as you stay quiet with your mouth when you are summoned.
- (intransitive) to be(come) calm, still, dispassionate [New Kingdom]
Inflection
Conjugation of gr (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: gr, geminated stem: grr
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
gr
|
grw, gr
|
grt
|
gr, j.gr
|
gr, j.gr
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
gr
|
ḥr gr
|
m gr
|
r gr
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
| perfect
|
gr.n
|
consecutive
|
gr.jn
|
| terminative
|
grt
|
| perfective3
|
gr
|
obligative1
|
gr.ḫr
|
| imperfective
|
gr, j.gr1
|
| prospective3
|
gr
|
potentialis1
|
gr.kꜣ
|
| subjunctive
|
gr, j.gr1
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
gr.n
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
gr
|
gr
|
grr, grrj6, gr2, grw2 5, gry2 5
|
| imperfective
|
j.gr1, gr, gry, grw5
|
j.gr1, j.grw1 5, gr, grj6, gry6
|
gr, grw5
|
| prospective
|
gr, grtj7
|
grtj4, grt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of gr
|
|
|
| gr
|
gr
|
|
|
[since the Middle Kingdom]
|
Derived terms
Descendants
- Akhmimic Coptic: ϭⲟⲩ (cou)
- Sahidic Coptic: ϭⲱ (cō)
Particle
enclitic
- also, furthermore, moreover [Old Kingdom to early Middle Kingdom]
Usage notes
This particle can attach to a subject, a verb, or a particle (including the particle of negation nj); unlike the adverb grw, which is often written identically, it does not fall in the syntactic slot of an adverbial element at the end of a clause. In the early Middle Kingdom it fell out of use and was supplanted by grt.
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of gr
|
|
|
| jgr
|
jgr
|
| [Old Kingdom]
|
[Old Kingdom]
|
Adverb
- abbreviation of grw (“also, furthermore, any more”)
References
- “gr (lemma ID 167750)” and “gr (lemma ID 167730)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[2], volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 177–178.5, 179.9–180.7
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 290
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 241.
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (singular) /ˈɡrɔʂ/, (plural nominative) /ˈɡrɔ.ʂɛ/, (plural genitive) /ˈɡrɔ.ʂɘ/
- Rhymes: -ɔʂ, -ɔʂɛ, -ɔʂɘ
Noun
gr m inan
- abbreviation of grosz
Further reading
- gr in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- gr in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Xhosa
Pronunciation
Letter
gr (upper case Gr)
- A digraph in Xhosa orthography.