grunnio

Latin

Alternative forms

grundiō (prescriptive in Late Latin)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gru-, an imitative root, similar to English grudge, grunt.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈɡrʊn.ni.oː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɡrun.ni.o]

Verb

grunniō (present infinitive grunnīre, perfect active grunnīvī or grunniī, supine grunnītum); fourth conjugation, no passive

to grunt (like a pig)

Conjugation

Conjugation of grunniō (fourth conjugation, no passive)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	grunniō	grunnīs		grunnit	grunnīmus	grunnītis		grunniunt
	imperfect	grunniēbam	grunniēbās		grunniēbat	grunniēbāmus	grunniēbātis		grunniēbant
	future	grunniam	grunniēs		grunniet	grunniēmus	grunniētis		grunnient
	perfect	grunnīvī, grunniī	grunnīvistī, grunniistī		grunnīvit, grunniit	grunnīvimus, grunniimus	grunnīvistis, grunniistis		grunnīvērunt, grunnīvēre, grunniērunt, grunniēre
	pluperfect	grunnīveram, grunnieram	grunnīverās, grunnierās		grunnīverat, grunnierat	grunnīverāmus, grunnierāmus	grunnīverātis, grunnierātis		grunnīverant, grunnierant
	future perfect	grunnīverō, grunnierō	grunnīveris, grunnieris		grunnīverit, grunnierit	grunnīverimus, grunnierimus	grunnīveritis, grunnieritis		grunnīverint, grunnierint
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	grunniam	grunniās		grunniat	grunniāmus	grunniātis		grunniant
	imperfect	grunnīrem	grunnīrēs		grunnīret	grunnīrēmus	grunnīrētis		grunnīrent
	perfect	grunnīverim, grunnierim	grunnīverīs, grunnierīs		grunnīverit, grunnierit	grunnīverīmus, grunnierīmus	grunnīverītis, grunnierītis		grunnīverint, grunnierint
	pluperfect	grunnīvissem, grunniissem	grunnīvissēs, grunniissēs		grunnīvisset, grunniisset	grunnīvissēmus, grunniissēmus	grunnīvissētis, grunniissētis		grunnīvissent, grunniissent
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	grunnī		—	—	grunnīte		—
active	future	—	grunnītō		grunnītō	—	grunnītōte		grunniuntō
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		grunnīre		—		grunniēns		—
future		grunnītūrum esse		—		grunnītūrus		—
perfect		grunnīvisse, grunniisse		—		—		—
perfect potential		grunnītūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		grunniendī	grunniendō		grunniendum	grunniendō	grunnītum		grunnītū

Derived terms

grunnium

Descendants

Aromanian: gurnjescu, gurnjiri
Galician: gruñir
Italian: grugnire
Old French: grognir, gronir, groindre, groignier, grondre, grondir
- Middle French: groigner
  - French: grogner
  - Norman: grounre (from "grondre"), grognier (from "groignier")
Occitan: rondir, rondinar
- → Catalan: rondinar
Portuguese: grunhir
Spanish: gruñir

References

“grunnio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“grunnio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
grunnio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

^ Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, p. 783

[1] Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, p. 783

[1]