Karelian
Regional variants of hammaš
North Karelian
(Viena)
|
hammaš
|
South Karelian
(Tver)
|
hammaš
|
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *hambas. Cognates include Finnish hammas and Veps hambaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈhɑmːɑʃ/
- Hyphenation: ham‧maš
Noun
hammaš (genitive hampahan / hambahan, partitive hammašta, diminutive hampahaini / hambahane)
- tooth
- cog
Declension
| Viena Karelian declension of hammaš (type 18/vieraš, mp-mm gradation)
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
hammaš
|
hampahat
|
| genitive
|
hampahan
|
hampahien
|
| partitive
|
hammašta
|
hampahie
|
| illative
|
hampahah
|
hampahih
|
| inessive
|
hampahašša
|
hampahissa
|
| elative
|
hampahašta
|
hampahista
|
| adessive
|
hampahalla
|
hampahilla
|
| ablative
|
hampahalta
|
hampahilta
|
| translative
|
hampahakši
|
hampahiksi
|
| essive
|
hampahana
|
hampahina
|
| comitative
|
—
|
hampahineh
|
| abessive
|
hampahatta
|
hampahitta
|
| Tver Karelian declension of hammaš (type 18/vieraš, mb-mm gradation)
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
hammaš
|
hambahat
|
| genitive
|
hambahan
|
hambahien
|
| partitive
|
hammašta
|
hambahie
|
| illative
|
hambahah
|
hambahih
|
| inessive
|
hambahašša
|
hambahissa
|
| elative
|
hambahašta
|
hambahista
|
| adessive
|
hambahalla
|
hambahilla
|
| ablative
|
hambahalda
|
hambahilda
|
| translative
|
hambahakši
|
hambahiksi
|
| essive
|
hambahana
|
hambahina
|
| comitative
|
hambahanke
|
hambahinke
|
| abessive
|
hambahatta
|
hambahitta
|
| Viena Karelian possessive forms of hammaš
|
| 1st person
|
hampahani
|
| 2nd person
|
hampahaš
|
| 3rd person
|
hampahah
|
| *) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.
|
| Tver Karelian possessive forms of hammaš
|
| 1st person
|
hambahani
|
| 2nd person
|
hambahaš
|
| 3rd person
|
hambahah
|
| *) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.
|
References
- A. V. Punzhina (1994) “hammaš”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
- P. Zaykov, L. Rugoyeva (1999) “hammas”, in Карельско-Русский словарь (Северно-Карельские диалекты) [Karelian-Russian dictionary (North Karelian dialects)], Petrozavodsk, →ISBN