hammas
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *hambas, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źámbas. Doublet of kamm.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈhɑmˑɑs/, [ˈ(h)ɑmˑɑs]
- Rhymes: -ɑmˑɑs
- Hyphenation: ham‧mas
Noun
hammas (genitive hamba, partitive hammast)
- tooth (bone formation in the mouth of a person or animal for grabbing and grinding food)
- tooth (a protruding sharp point or tab on a tool, machine part, etc.)
Declension
| Declension of hammas (ÕS type 7/kallas, mb-mm gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | hammas | hambad | |
| accusative | nom. | ||
| gen. | hamba | ||
| genitive | hammaste | ||
| partitive | hammast | hambaid | |
| illative | hambasse | hammastesse hambaisse | |
| inessive | hambas | hammastes hambais | |
| elative | hambast | hammastest hambaist | |
| allative | hambale | hammastele hambaile | |
| adessive | hambal | hammastel hambail | |
| ablative | hambalt | hammastelt hambailt | |
| translative | hambaks | hammasteks hambaiks | |
| terminative | hambani | hammasteni | |
| essive | hambana | hammastena | |
| abessive | hambata | hammasteta | |
| comitative | hambaga | hammastega | |
Derived terms
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *hambas, borrowed from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źámbas (replacing native Uralic pii < *piŋe),[1] from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *zǫbъ, Lithuanian žam̃bas, Latvian zobs. Doublet of kampa.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈhɑmːɑs/, [ˈhɑ̝mːɑ̝s̠]
- Rhymes: -ɑmːɑs
- Syllabification(key): ham‧mas
- Hyphenation(key): ham‧mas
Noun
hammas
- tooth (hard, calcareous structure present in the mouth of many vertebrate animals)
- hampaisiin saakka aseistettu ― armed to the teeth
- kiristellä hampaitaan ― to grit one's teeth
- hampaiden oikominen ― orthodontics
- hammasvalas ― toothed whale
- hammasklinikka ― dental clinic
- tooth, cog (projection on the edge of a gear)
- hammasratas ― cogwheel
- sprocket (tooth of a sprocket wheel)
- tooth, sawtooth (sharp projection on the blade of a saw or similar implement)
- Synonym: sahanhammas
- tine, prong, tooth (spike or point on an implement or tool)
- (botany) tooth, serration (pointed projection from the margin of a leaf)
Declension
| Inflection of hammas (Kotus type 41*H/vieras, mp-mm gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | hammas | hampaat | |
| genitive | hampaan | hampaiden hampaitten | |
| partitive | hammasta | hampaita | |
| illative | hampaaseen | hampaisiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | hammas | hampaat | |
| accusative | nom. | hammas | hampaat |
| gen. | hampaan | ||
| genitive | hampaan | hampaiden hampaitten hammasten rare | |
| partitive | hammasta | hampaita | |
| inessive | hampaassa | hampaissa | |
| elative | hampaasta | hampaista | |
| illative | hampaaseen | hampaisiin hampaihin rare | |
| adessive | hampaalla | hampailla | |
| ablative | hampaalta | hampailta | |
| allative | hampaalle | hampaille | |
| essive | hampaana | hampaina | |
| translative | hampaaksi | hampaiksi | |
| abessive | hampaatta | hampaitta | |
| instructive | — | hampain | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
| Possessive forms of hammas (Kotus type 41*H/vieras, mp-mm gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
adjectives
nouns
verbs
compounds
- ajan hammas
- alahammas
- etuhammas
- hammasahven
- hammasaihe
- hammasajos
- hammasalveoli
- hammasemali
- hammaseroosio
- hammashaapa
- hammasharja
- hammashermo
- hammashihna
- hammashoitaja
- hammashoito
- hammashoitola
- hammashuoltaja
- hammashuolto
- hammashygienisti
- hammasjako
- hammasjauhe
- hammaskalusto
- hammaskaries
- hammaskarppi
- hammaskarppikala
- hammaskato
- hammaskeiju
- hammaskiille
- hammaskipu
- hammaskirurgi
- hammaskirurgia
- hammaskirurginen
- hammaskivi
- hammasklinikka
- hammaskorsiyökkönen
- hammaskoru
- hammaskruunu
- hammaskulta
- hammaskuoppa
- hammaslaborantti
- hammaslaitainen
- hammaslanka
- hammasliitos
- hammasloma
- hammasluku
- hammasluu
- hammaslääketiede
- hammaslääkis
- hammaslääkäri
- hammasmuki
- hammasmätä
- hammaspaikka
- hammaspaise
- hammaspeikko
- hammaspeite
- hammaspesu
- hammaspihdit
- hammasplakki
- hammaspora
- hammasproteesi
- hammaspuhdiste
- hammaspuikko
- hammaspulveri
- hammaspyörä
- hammaspyörästö
- hammasrata
- hammasratas
- hammasrauta
- hammasrivi
- hammassairaus
- hammassementti
- hammassilta
- hammassuojus
- hammassäkki
- hammassärky
- hammastahna
- hammastanko
- hammastarha
- hammastarkastus
- hammastauti
- hammastekniikka
- hammasteknikko
- hammastenkiristys
- hammastikku
- hammasvaihde
- hammasvalas
- hammasvalli
- hammasväli
- hammasvälitys
- hammasydin
- hammasäänne
- hampaanhoito
- hampaanjuuri
- hampaanjälki
- hampaankaula
- hampaankolo
- hampaankolotus
- hampaanoionta
- hampaanpaikkaus
- hampaanpoisto
- hampaantäyte
- hampaiden narskuttelu
- hampaidenhoito
- harvahammas
- irvihammas
- kahvihammas
- kaksihammassulkukotilo
- kaksihammasvalas
- kaksihampainen
- koiranhammas
- kulmahammas
- kultahammas
- lyhythammaspalmunäätä
- lännenpienihammasrotta
- maitohammas
- munahammas
- myrkkyhammas
- nastahammas
- näyttää hampaansa
- poskihammas
- purra hammasta
- raateluhammas
- rautahammas
- rusokoiranhammas
- sahanhammas
- sapelihammas
- sapelihammastiikeri
- syöksyhammas
- syömähammas
- takahammas
- talttahammas
- tekohammas
- tekohampaat
- torahammas
- torohammas
- valkohammassokkohiiri
- vaskihammas
- viisaudenhammas
- viistohammas
- viistohammasnokkavalas
- välihammas
- ylähammas
References
Further reading
- “hammas”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 1 July 2023
Ingrian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *hambas. Cognates include Finnish hammas and Estonian hammas.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈhɑmːɑs/, [ˈhɑmːəz̠]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈhɑmːɑs/, [ˈhɑmːɑʒ̥]
- (Hevaha) IPA(key): /ˈhɑmːɑs/, [ˈhɑmːɑʒ̥]
- Rhymes: -ɑmːɑs
- Hyphenation: ham‧mas
Noun
hammas
- tooth
- 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka[3], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 138:
- Oi-oi, kuin ono hammas kippiä.
- Oh no, how the tooth is aching.
Declension
| Declension of hammas (type 2/patsas, mp-mm gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | hammas | hampaat |
| genitive | hampaan | hampain |
| partitive | hammasta, hammast | hampaita, hampaja |
| illative | hampaasse | hampaisse |
| inessive | hampaas | hampais |
| elative | hampaast | hampaist |
| allative | hampaalle | hampaille |
| adessive | hampaal | hampail |
| ablative | hampaalt | hampailt |
| translative | hampaaks | hampaiks |
| essive | hampaanna, hampaan | hampainna, hampain |
| exessive1) | hampaant | hampaint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
| Soikkola declension of hammas (type 2/patsas, mp-mm gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | hammas | hampahat, hampaat |
| genitive | hampahan | hampahiin |
| partitive | hammasta | hampahia |
| illative | hampahasse | hampahisse |
| inessive | hampahaas | hampahiis |
| elative | hampahast | hampahist |
| allative | hampahalle | hampahille |
| adessive | hampahaal | hampahiil |
| ablative | hampahalt | hampahilt |
| translative | hampahaks | hampahiks |
| essive | hampahaan | hampahiin |
| exessive1) | hampahant | hampahint |
| 1) Obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) | ||
Derived terms
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 43
- Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 30
Karelian
Noun
hammas
- superseded spelling of hammaš
References
- P. M. Zaykov (1999) Грамматика Карельского языка (фонетика и морфология) [Grammar of the Karelian language (phonetics and morphology)], →ISBN, pages 48-49
Old English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxɑm.mɑs/, [ˈhɑm.mɑs]
Noun
hammas
- nominative/accusative plural of hamm
Võro
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *hambas, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źámbas.
Noun
hammas (genitive hamba, partitive hammast)
Declension
Inflection of hammas
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | hammas | hambaq |
| accusative | hamba | hambaq |
| genitive | hamba | hambidõ hammastõ |
| partitive | hammast | hambit |
| illative | hambahe | hambihe hammastõhe |
| inessive | hamban hambahn |
hambin hammastõn hambihn hammastõhn |
| elative | hambast | hambist hammastõst |
| allative | hambalõ | hambilõ hammastõlõ |
| adessive | hambal | hambil hammastõl |
| ablative | hambalt | hambilt hammastõlt |
| translative | hambas | hambis hammastõs |
| terminative | hambaniq | hambiniq hammastõniq |
| abessive | hambaldaq | hambildaq hammastõldaq |
| comitative | hambagaq | hambidõgaq hammastõgaq |