hluba
Xhosa
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
-hluba
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
-hluba
- (transitive) to peel, to strip, to bark
- (transitive) to deprive of
- (intransitive) to moult, to shed
- (intransitive) to clear up, to become clear
Inflection
| positive | negative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | ukuhluba | ukungahlubi | ||||
| imperative | ||||||
| simple | + object concord | |||||
| singular | hluba | -hlube | ||||
| plural | hlubani | -hlubeni | ||||
| present | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyahluba, ngihluba | engihlubayo, engihluba | ngihluba | angihlubi | engingahlubi | ngingahlubi |
| 2nd singular | uyahluba, uhluba | ohlubayo, ohluba | uhluba | awuhlubi | ongahlubi | ungahlubi |
| 1st plural | siyahluba, sihluba | esihlubayo, esihluba | sihluba | asihlubi | esingahlubi | singahlubi |
| 2nd plural | niyahluba, nihluba | enihlubayo, enihluba | nihluba | anihlubi | eningahlubi | ningahlubi |
| class 1 | uyahluba, uhluba | ohlubayo, ohluba | ehluba | akahlubi | ongahlubi | engahlubi |
| class 2 | bayahluba, bahluba | abahlubayo, abahluba | behluba | abahlubi | abangahlubi | bengahlubi |
| class 3 | uyahluba, uhluba | ohlubayo, ohluba | uhluba | awuhlubi | ongahlubi | ungahlubi |
| class 4 | iyahluba, ihluba | ehlubayo, ehluba | ihluba | ayihlubi | engahlubi | ingahlubi |
| class 5 | liyahluba, lihluba | elihlubayo, elihluba | lihluba | alihlubi | elingahlubi | lingahlubi |
| class 6 | ayahluba, ahluba | ahlubayo, ahluba | ehluba | awahlubi | angahlubi | engahlubi |
| class 7 | siyahluba, sihluba | esihlubayo, esihluba | sihluba | asihlubi | esingahlubi | singahlubi |
| class 8 | ziyahluba, zihluba | ezihlubayo, ezihluba | zihluba | azihlubi | ezingahlubi | zingahlubi |
| class 9 | iyahluba, ihluba | ehlubayo, ehluba | ihluba | ayihlubi | engahlubi | ingahlubi |
| class 10 | ziyahluba, zihluba | ezihlubayo, ezihluba | zihluba | azihlubi | ezingahlubi | zingahlubi |
| class 11 | luyahluba, luhluba | oluhlubayo, oluhluba | luhluba | aluhlubi | olungahlubi | lungahlubi |
| class 14 | buyahluba, buhluba | obuhlubayo, obuhluba | buhluba | abuhlubi | obungahlubi | bungahlubi |
| class 15 | kuyahluba, kuhluba | okuhlubayo, okuhluba | kuhluba | akuhlubi | okungahlubi | kungahlubi |
| class 17 | kuyahluba, kuhluba | okuhlubayo, okuhluba | kuhluba | akuhlubi | okungahlubi | kungahlubi |
| recent past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngihlubile, ngihlubē | engihlubile, engihlubē | ngihlubile, ngihlubē | angihlubanga | engingahlubanga | ngingahlubanga |
| 2nd singular | uhlubile, uhlubē | ohlubile, ohlubē | uhlubile, uhlubē | awuhlubanga | ongahlubanga | ungahlubanga |
| 1st plural | sihlubile, sihlubē | esihlubile, esihlubē | sihlubile, sihlubē | asihlubanga | esingahlubanga | singahlubanga |
| 2nd plural | nihlubile, nihlubē | enihlubile, enihlubē | nihlubile, nihlubē | anihlubanga | eningahlubanga | ningahlubanga |
| class 1 | uhlubile, uhlubē | ohlubile, ohlubē | ehlubile, ehlubē | akahlubanga | ongahlubanga | engahlubanga |
| class 2 | bahlubile, bahlubē | abahlubile, abahlubē | behlubile, behlubē | abahlubanga | abangahlubanga | bengahlubanga |
| class 3 | uhlubile, uhlubē | ohlubile, ohlubē | uhlubile, uhlubē | awuhlubanga | ongahlubanga | ungahlubanga |
| class 4 | ihlubile, ihlubē | ehlubile, ehlubē | ihlubile, ihlubē | ayihlubanga | engahlubanga | ingahlubanga |
| class 5 | lihlubile, lihlubē | elihlubile, elihlubē | lihlubile, lihlubē | alihlubanga | elingahlubanga | lingahlubanga |
| class 6 | ahlubile, ahlubē | ahlubile, ahlubē | ehlubile, ehlubē | awahlubanga | angahlubanga | engahlubanga |
| class 7 | sihlubile, sihlubē | esihlubile, esihlubē | sihlubile, sihlubē | asihlubanga | esingahlubanga | singahlubanga |
| class 8 | zihlubile, zihlubē | ezihlubile, ezihlubē | zihlubile, zihlubē | azihlubanga | ezingahlubanga | zingahlubanga |
| class 9 | ihlubile, ihlubē | ehlubile, ehlubē | ihlubile, ihlubē | ayihlubanga | engahlubanga | ingahlubanga |
| class 10 | zihlubile, zihlubē | ezihlubile, ezihlubē | zihlubile, zihlubē | azihlubanga | ezingahlubanga | zingahlubanga |
| class 11 | luhlubile, luhlubē | oluhlubile, oluhlubē | luhlubile, luhlubē | aluhlubanga | olungahlubanga | lungahlubanga |
| class 14 | buhlubile, buhlubē | obuhlubile, obuhlubē | buhlubile, buhlubē | abuhlubanga | obungahlubanga | bungahlubanga |
| class 15 | kuhlubile, kuhlubē | okuhlubile, okuhlubē | kuhlubile, kuhlubē | akuhlubanga | okungahlubanga | kungahlubanga |
| class 17 | kuhlubile, kuhlubē | okuhlubile, okuhlubē | kuhlubile, kuhlubē | akuhlubanga | okungahlubanga | kungahlubanga |
| remote past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngāhluba | engāhluba | ngāhluba | angihlubanga | engingahlubanga | ngingahlubanga |
| 2nd singular | wāhluba | owāhluba | wāhluba | awuhlubanga | ongahlubanga | ungahlubanga |
| 1st plural | sāhluba | esāhluba | sāhluba | asihlubanga | esingahlubanga | singahlubanga |
| 2nd plural | nāhluba | enāhluba | nāhluba | anihlubanga | eningahlubanga | ningahlubanga |
| class 1 | wāhluba | owāhluba | āhluba | akahlubanga | ongahlubanga | engahlubanga |
| class 2 | bāhluba | abāhluba | bāhluba | abahlubanga | abangahlubanga | bengahlubanga |
| class 3 | wāhluba | owāhluba | wāhluba | awuhlubanga | ongahlubanga | ungahlubanga |
| class 4 | yāhluba | eyāhluba | yāhluba | ayihlubanga | engahlubanga | ingahlubanga |
| class 5 | lāhluba | elāhluba | lāhluba | alihlubanga | elingahlubanga | lingahlubanga |
| class 6 | āhluba | āhluba | āhluba | awahlubanga | angahlubanga | engahlubanga |
| class 7 | sāhluba | esāhluba | sāhluba | asihlubanga | esingahlubanga | singahlubanga |
| class 8 | zāhluba | ezāhluba | zāhluba | azihlubanga | ezingahlubanga | zingahlubanga |
| class 9 | yāhluba | eyāhluba | yāhluba | ayihlubanga | engahlubanga | ingahlubanga |
| class 10 | zāhluba | ezāhluba | zāhluba | azihlubanga | ezingahlubanga | zingahlubanga |
| class 11 | lwāhluba | olwāhluba | lwāhluba | aluhlubanga | olungahlubanga | lungahlubanga |
| class 14 | bāhluba | obāhluba | bāhluba | abuhlubanga | obungahlubanga | bungahlubanga |
| class 15 | kwāhluba | okwāhluba | kwāhluba | akuhlubanga | okungahlubanga | kungahlubanga |
| class 17 | kwāhluba | okwāhluba | kwāhluba | akuhlubanga | okungahlubanga | kungahlubanga |
| potential | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngingahluba | — | ngingahluba | ngingehlube | — | ngingehlube |
| 2nd singular | ungahluba | — | ungahluba | ungehlube | — | ungehlube |
| 1st plural | singahluba | — | singahluba | singehlube | — | singehlube |
| 2nd plural | ningahluba | — | ningahluba | ningehlube | — | ningehlube |
| class 1 | angahluba | — | engahluba | angehlube | — | engehlube |
| class 2 | bangahluba | — | bengahluba | bangehlube | — | bengehlube |
| class 3 | ungahluba | — | ungahluba | ungehlube | — | ungehlube |
| class 4 | ingahluba | — | ingahluba | ingehlube | — | ingehlube |
| class 5 | lingahluba | — | lingahluba | lingehlube | — | lingehlube |
| class 6 | angahluba | — | engahluba | angehlube | — | engehlube |
| class 7 | singahluba | — | singahluba | singehlube | — | singehlube |
| class 8 | zingahluba | — | zingahluba | zingehlube | — | zingehlube |
| class 9 | ingahluba | — | ingahluba | ingehlube | — | ingehlube |
| class 10 | zingahluba | — | zingahluba | zingehlube | — | zingehlube |
| class 11 | lungahluba | — | lungahluba | lungehlube | — | lungehlube |
| class 14 | bungahluba | — | bungahluba | bungehlube | — | bungehlube |
| class 15 | kungahluba | — | kungahluba | kungehlube | — | kungehlube |
| class 17 | kungahluba | — | kungahluba | kungehlube | — | kungehlube |
| immediate future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngizohluba | engizohluba | ngizohluba | angizuhluba | engingezuhluba | ngingezuhluba |
| 2nd singular | uzohluba | ozohluba | uzohluba | awuzuhluba | ongezuhluba | ungezuhluba |
| 1st plural | sizohluba | esizohluba | sizohluba | asizuhluba | esingezuhluba | singezuhluba |
| 2nd plural | nizohluba | enizohluba | nizohluba | anizuhluba | eningezuhluba | ningezuhluba |
| class 1 | uzohluba | ozohluba | ezohluba | akazuhluba | ongezuhluba | engezuhluba |
| class 2 | bazohluba | abazohluba | bezohluba | abazuhluba | abangezuhluba | bengezuhluba |
| class 3 | uzohluba | ozohluba | uzohluba | awuzuhluba | ongezuhluba | ungezuhluba |
| class 4 | izohluba | ezohluba | izohluba | ayizuhluba | engezuhluba | ingezuhluba |
| class 5 | lizohluba | elizohluba | lizohluba | alizuhluba | elingezuhluba | lingezuhluba |
| class 6 | azohluba | azohluba | ezohluba | awazuhluba | angezuhluba | engezuhluba |
| class 7 | sizohluba | esizohluba | sizohluba | asizuhluba | esingezuhluba | singezuhluba |
| class 8 | zizohluba | ezizohluba | zizohluba | azizuhluba | ezingezuhluba | zingezuhluba |
| class 9 | izohluba | ezohluba | izohluba | ayizuhluba | engezuhluba | ingezuhluba |
| class 10 | zizohluba | ezizohluba | zizohluba | azizuhluba | ezingezuhluba | zingezuhluba |
| class 11 | luzohluba | oluzohluba | luzohluba | aluzuhluba | olungezuhluba | lungezuhluba |
| class 14 | buzohluba | obuzohluba | buzohluba | abuzuhluba | obungezuhluba | bungezuhluba |
| class 15 | kuzohluba | okuzohluba | kuzohluba | akuzuhluba | okungezuhluba | kungezuhluba |
| class 17 | kuzohluba | okuzohluba | kuzohluba | akuzuhluba | okungezuhluba | kungezuhluba |
| remote future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyohluba | engiyohluba | ngiyohluba | angiyuhluba | engingeyuhluba | ngingeyuhluba |
| 2nd singular | uyohluba | oyohluba | uyohluba | awuyuhluba | ongeyuhluba | ungeyuhluba |
| 1st plural | siyohluba | esiyohluba | siyohluba | asiyuhluba | esingeyuhluba | singeyuhluba |
| 2nd plural | niyohluba | eniyohluba | niyohluba | aniyuhluba | eningeyuhluba | ningeyuhluba |
| class 1 | uyohluba | oyohluba | eyohluba | akayuhluba | ongeyuhluba | engeyuhluba |
| class 2 | bayohluba | abayohluba | beyohluba | abayuhluba | abangeyuhluba | bengeyuhluba |
| class 3 | uyohluba | oyohluba | uyohluba | awuyuhluba | ongeyuhluba | ungeyuhluba |
| class 4 | iyohluba | eyohluba | iyohluba | ayiyuhluba | engeyuhluba | ingeyuhluba |
| class 5 | liyohluba | eliyohluba | liyohluba | aliyuhluba | elingeyuhluba | lingeyuhluba |
| class 6 | ayohluba | ayohluba | eyohluba | awayuhluba | angeyuhluba | engeyuhluba |
| class 7 | siyohluba | esiyohluba | siyohluba | asiyuhluba | esingeyuhluba | singeyuhluba |
| class 8 | ziyohluba | eziyohluba | ziyohluba | aziyuhluba | ezingeyuhluba | zingeyuhluba |
| class 9 | iyohluba | eyohluba | iyohluba | ayiyuhluba | engeyuhluba | ingeyuhluba |
| class 10 | ziyohluba | eziyohluba | ziyohluba | aziyuhluba | ezingeyuhluba | zingeyuhluba |
| class 11 | luyohluba | oluyohluba | luyohluba | aluyuhluba | olungeyuhluba | lungeyuhluba |
| class 14 | buyohluba | obuyohluba | buyohluba | abuyuhluba | obungeyuhluba | bungeyuhluba |
| class 15 | kuyohluba | okuyohluba | kuyohluba | akuyuhluba | okungeyuhluba | kungeyuhluba |
| class 17 | kuyohluba | okuyohluba | kuyohluba | akuyuhluba | okungeyuhluba | kungeyuhluba |
| present subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngihlube | ngingahlubi | ||||
| 2nd singular | uhlube | ungahlubi | ||||
| 1st plural | sihlube | singahlubi | ||||
| 2nd plural | nihlube | ningahlubi | ||||
| class 1 | ahlube | angahlubi | ||||
| class 2 | bahlube | bangahlubi | ||||
| class 3 | uhlube | ungahlubi | ||||
| class 4 | ihlube | ingahlubi | ||||
| class 5 | lihlube | lingahlubi | ||||
| class 6 | ahlube | angahlubi | ||||
| class 7 | sihlube | singahlubi | ||||
| class 8 | zihlube | zingahlubi | ||||
| class 9 | ihlube | ingahlubi | ||||
| class 10 | zihlube | zingahlubi | ||||
| class 11 | luhlube | lungahlubi | ||||
| class 14 | buhlube | bungahlubi | ||||
| class 15 | kuhlube | kungahlubi | ||||
| class 17 | kuhlube | kungahlubi | ||||
| past subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngahluba | ngangahluba, angahluba, angangahluba | ||||
| 2nd singular | wahluba | wangahluba, awahluba, awangahluba | ||||
| 1st plural | sahluba | sangahluba, asahluba, asangahluba | ||||
| 2nd plural | nahluba | nangahluba, anahluba, anangahluba | ||||
| class 1 | wahluba | wangahluba, akahluba, akangahluba | ||||
| class 2 | bahluba | bangahluba, abahluba, abangahluba | ||||
| class 3 | wahluba | wangahluba, awahluba, awangahluba | ||||
| class 4 | yahluba | yangahluba, ayahluba, ayangahluba | ||||
| class 5 | lahluba | langahluba, alahluba, alangahluba | ||||
| class 6 | ahluba | angahluba, awahluba, awangahluba | ||||
| class 7 | sahluba | sangahluba, asahluba, asangahluba | ||||
| class 8 | zahluba | zangahluba, azahluba, azangahluba | ||||
| class 9 | yahluba | yangahluba, ayahluba, ayangahluba | ||||
| class 10 | zahluba | zangahluba, azahluba, azangahluba | ||||
| class 11 | lwahluba | lwangahluba, alwahluba, alwangahluba | ||||
| class 14 | bahluba | bangahluba, abahluba, abangahluba | ||||
| class 15 | kwahluba | kwangahluba, akwahluba, akwangahluba | ||||
| class 17 | kwahluba | kwangahluba, akwahluba, akwangahluba | ||||
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “hluɓa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “hluɓa (6.3)”