Egyptian
Pronunciation
Verb
3-lit.
- (intransitive) to suffer
- (intransitive) to experience a lack or deficiency (+ ḥr: of)
- (transitive) to torment, to hurt, to make suffer
Inflection
Conjugation of jꜣd (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: jꜣd, geminated stem: jꜣdd
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
jꜣd
|
jꜣdw, jꜣd
|
jꜣdt
|
jꜣd
|
jꜣd
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
jꜣd
|
ḥr jꜣd
|
m jꜣd
|
r jꜣd
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
jꜣd.n
|
jꜣdw, jꜣd
|
consecutive
|
jꜣd.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
jꜣdt
|
| perfective3
|
jꜣd
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
jꜣd.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
jꜣd
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
jꜣd
|
jꜣdd
|
potentialis1
|
jꜣd.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
jꜣd
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
jꜣd.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
jꜣd
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
jꜣd
|
jꜣd, jꜣdw5, jꜣdy5
|
| imperfective
|
jꜣd, jꜣdy, jꜣdw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
jꜣd, jꜣdj6, jꜣdy6
|
jꜣd, jꜣdw5
|
| prospective
|
jꜣd, jꜣdtj7
|
—
|
jꜣdtj4, jꜣdt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jꜣd
Derived terms
Noun
m
- alternative form of jꜣdw (“pestilence”)
Inflection
Declension of jꜣd (masculine)
| singular
|
jꜣd
|
| dual
|
jꜣdwj
|
| plural
|
jꜣdw
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jꜣd
|
|
|
|
| jꜣd
|
jꜣd
|
jꜣd
|
| [18th Dynasty]
|
[18th Dynasty]
|
[Late Egyptian]
|
References
- “jꜣd (lemma ID 21140)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 35.9–35.12
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 9