kiesen
German
Etymology
From Middle High German kiesen, from Old High German kiosan, from Proto-West Germanic *keusan, from Proto-Germanic *keusaną (“to choose”).
Cognate with Low German kesen, Dutch kiezen, English choose, Danish kyse, Icelandic kjósa, Gothic 𐌺𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽 (kiusan).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkiːzən/
Audio: (file)
Verb
kiesen (class 2 strong, third-person singular present (obsolete) kiest, past tense (archaic) kor, past participle (archaic) gekoren, past subjunctive (archaic) köre, auxiliary haben)
Usage notes
- The verb is defective in contemporary German. The present forms (stem kies-) are obsolete and unintelligible to the average native speaker. The past forms (stem kor-) are archaic, but likely to be understood.
Conjugation
| infinitive | kiesen1 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | kiesend1 | ||||
| past participle | gekoren2 | ||||
| auxiliary | haben | ||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| present | ich kiese1 | wir kiesen1 | i | ich kiese1 | wir kiesen1 |
| du kiest1 | ihr kiest1 | du kiesest1 | ihr kieset1 | ||
| er kiest1 | sie kiesen1 | er kiese1 | sie kiesen1 | ||
| preterite | ich kor2 | wir koren2 | ii | ich köre2,3 | wir kören2,3 |
| du korst2 | ihr kort2 | du körest2,3 du körst2,3 |
ihr köret2,3 ihr kört2,3 | ||
| er kor2 | sie koren2 | er köre2,3 | sie kören2,3 | ||
| imperative | kies (du)1 kiese (du)1 |
kiest (ihr)1 | |||
1Obsolete.
2Archaic.
3Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
1Archaic.
2Obsolete.
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
Middle Dutch
Etymology
Verb
kiesen
Inflection
| infinitive | base form | kiesen | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| genitive | kiesens | ||||||
| dative | kiesene | ||||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||||
| present | past | present | past | ||||
| 1st person singular | kiese | côos | kiese | cōre | |||
| 2nd person singular | kies, kieses | cōors, cōres | kies, kieses | cōres | |||
| 3rd person singular | kiest, kieset | côos | kiese | cōre | |||
| 1st person plural | kiesen | cōren | kiesen | cōren | |||
| 2nd person plural | kiest, kieset | cōort, cōret | kiest, kieset | cōret | |||
| 3rd person plural | kiesen | cōren | kiesen | cōren | |||
| imperative | |||||||
| singular | kies, kiese | ||||||
| plural | kiest, kieset | ||||||
| present | past | ||||||
| participle | kiesende | gecōren | |||||
Descendants
Further reading
- “kiesen (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “kiesen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Middle High German
Etymology
Inherited from Old High German kiosan, from Proto-West Germanic *keusan.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈkɪe̯s̠ən/
Verb
kiesen (class 2 strong, third-person singular present kiuset, past tense kōs, past participle gekorn, past subjunctive küre, auxiliary hān)
- to choose
Conjugation
| infinitive | kiesen | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| genitive gerund | kiesennes kiesenes | ||||
| dative gerund | kiesenne kiesene | ||||
| present participle | kiesende | ||||
| past participle | gekorn | ||||
| auxiliary | hān | ||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| present | ich kiuse | wir kiesen | i | ich kiese | wir kiesen |
| du kiusest | ir kieset | du kiesest | ir kieset | ||
| ër kiuset | sie kiesent | ër kiese | sie kiesen | ||
| preterite | ich kōs | wir kuren | ii | ich küre | wir küren |
| du küre | ir kuret | du kürest | ir küret | ||
| ër kōs | sie kuren | ër küre | sie küren | ||
| imperative | kius (du) | kieset (ir) | |||
Descendants
- German: kiesen
References
- Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “kiesen”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel