laki

laki

1. small

• Ross, M. & Næss, Å. (2007) “An Oceanic origin for Äiwoo, the language of the Reef Islands?”, in Oceanic Linguistics, volume 46, number 2. Cited in: "Äiwoo" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.

Cognate with Malay laki

• IPA^(key): /la.ki/

laki

1. husband

If reduplicated as laki-laki, it means male.

• bini (“wife”)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laki.

• IPA^(key): /laˈki/ [l̪ɐˈki]
• Hyphenation: la‧ki

lakí (Badlit spelling ᜎᜃᜒ)

1. male (of plants and non-human animals)

   Coordinate terms: baye (“female plant/animal”), lalaki (“male human”)

2. (by extension) term given to the thornier and usually smaller species of plants as compared to the smoother or larger variety

   kudyapa nga laki ― the armed kudyapa; Amaranthus spinosus

• IPA^(key): /ˈlaki/ [ˈl̪a.kɪ]
• Hyphenation: la‧ki

laki (Badlit spelling ᜎᜃᜒ)

1. clipping of lalaki (“man”)
2. male paramour

Perhaps the same as above.

laki (Badlit spelling ᜎᜃᜒ)

1. (obsolete) ability, skill (now always affixed as kalaki)

• ilak, kali

laki

1. squid

Likely from Middle Low German lake.

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɛaːʰt͡ʃɪ/
• Rhymes: -ɛaːʰt͡ʃɪ

laki m (genitive singular laka, plural lakar)

1. brine, pickle

• saltlaki

• “lage” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɑki/, [ˈlɑ̝k̟i]
• Rhymes: -ɑki
• Syllabification^(key): la‧ki
• Hyphenation^(key): la‧ki

Borrowed from Old Swedish lagh (compare Swedish lag), from Old Norse lǫg. Doublet of lako and laki (“summit; ceiling”).

laki

1. act (a specific legal statute, inferior to a constitution) [with elative ‘on’]

   laki metsätuhojen torjunnasta ― act on preventing forest damages

2. statute (written law, either a constitution or an act, as laid down by the legislature)
3. (uncountable) law (collection of acts)

   lain mukaan ― by law

4. code (official collection of laws)

   Hammurabin laki ― code of Hammurabi

5. (sciences, mathematics) law (statement of (observed, established) order, sequence or relationship of phenomena; mathematical or logical rule)

   fysiikan lait ― laws of physics

6. (mining) crown (highest point or part of a tunnel)
7. (civil engineering) crown, obvert (highest point in a pipe)

   laen yläpinta ― crown (the highest surface/point outside the pipe)

   laen alapinta ― crown (the highest surface/point inside the pipe)

• As a legal statute in Finland, laki is superior to asetus and inferior to perustuslaki. Names of acts are not capitalized. The names of acts are either unhyphenated compounds, e.g. avioliittolaki (“Marriage Act (1929/234)”), or noun phrases consisting of the word laki and a subsequent elative qualifier (-sta/-stä), e.g. laki eräistä asbestipurkutyötä koskevista vaatimuksista (“Act on Certain Requirements Concerning Asbestos Removal Work (684/2015)”). The official names of legal statutes adopted in plenary session following the same, normal procedure include:

• laki (“act”)
• kaari (“code”) (e.g. oikeudenkäymiskaari (“the Code of Judicial Procedure”))
• eduskunnan työjärjestys (“the Parliament's Rules of Procedure”)

• → Ingrian: (obsolete) laki

• asetus
• luku
• pykälä
• momentti
• oikeus

• “1. laki”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[3] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 1 July 2023

From Proto-Finnic *laki, probably borrowed from Proto-Germanic [Term?] (whence Old Norse flaki). Doublet of laki (“law, statute”) and lako.

laki

1. summit (topmost point of e.g. a hill or trajectory)

   Synonym: huippu

2. ceiling (overhead closure of a room, structure, etc.)

   Synonyms: sisäkatto, laipio

• “2. laki”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[4] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 1 July 2023

• kali, lika

From Proto-Malayic *laki, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laki.

• IPA^(key): /ˈlaki/
• Hyphenation: la‧ki

laki

1. male, man
2. husband

• Rhymes: -aːcɪ

laki

1. indefinite dative singular of lak

From Malay laki, from Classical Malay [Term?], from Old Malay lāki, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laki, from Proto-Austronesian *laki.

• IPA^(key): /ˈlaki/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: la‧ki

laki (plural laki-laki)

1. male

   Synonym: pria

2. (colloquial, vulgar) husband

   Synonym: suami

If reduplicated as laki-laki, it specifically means male.

• “laki” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

From Proto-Finnic *laki. Cognates include Finnish laki and Estonian lagi.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈlɑki/, [ˈɫɑki]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈlɑki/, [ˈɫɑɡ̊i]
• Rhymes: -ɑki
• Hyphenation: la‧ki

laki

1. ceiling

Declension of laki (type 5/lehti, k- gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	laki	laet
genitive	laen	lakkiin, lakiloin
partitive	lakkia	lakija, lakiloja
illative	lakkee	lakkii, lakiloihe
inessive	laes	lais, lakilois
elative	laest	laist, lakiloist
allative	laelle	laille, lakiloille
adessive	lael	lail, lakiloil
ablative	laelt	lailt, lakiloilt
translative	laeks	laiks, lakiloiks
essive	lakenna, lakkeen	lakinna, lakiloinna, lakkiin, lakiloin
exessive1)	lakent	lakint, lakiloint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

• katto (“roof”)
• maa (“floor”)

Borrowed from Finnish laki.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈlɑki/, [ˈɫɑki]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈlɑki/, [ˈɫɑɡ̊i]
• Rhymes: -ɑki
• Hyphenation: la‧ki

laki

1. (obsolete) synonym of suuto

Declension of laki (type 5/vahti, k- gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	laki	lait
genitive	lain	lakkiin, lakiloin
partitive	lakkia	lakija, lakiloja
illative	lakkii	lakkii, lakiloihe
inessive	lais	lakiis, lakilois
elative	laist	lakiist, lakiloist
allative	laille	lakiille, lakiloille
adessive	lail	lakiil, lakiloil
ablative	lailt	lakiilt, lakiloilt
translative	laiks	lakiiks, lakiloiks
essive	lakinna, lakkiin	lakiinna, lakiloinna, lakkiin, lakiloin
exessive1)	lakint	lakiint, lakiloint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

• Fedor Tumansky (1790) “лаки”, in Опытъ повѣствованїя о дѣянїях, положенїи, состоянїи и раздѣленїи Санкт-Петербургской губернїи [An experiment of an account of the acts, location, condition and division of the Saint Petersburg gubernia], Краткїй словарь ижерскаго, финскаго, эстонскаго, чюдскаго, и ямскаго нарѣчїя съ россїйскимъ переводомъ [A short dictionary of the Ingrian, Finnish, Estonian, Chud and Yamtian dialects with a Russian translation], page 687
• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 243

Javanese register set
ꦏꦿꦩꦲꦶꦁꦒꦶꦭ꧀ (krama inggil): garwa kakung
ꦏꦿꦩꦔꦺꦴꦏꦺꦴ (krama ngoko): laki
ꦔꦺꦴꦏꦺꦴ (ngoko): bojo lanang

laki

1. (dialectal) husband

laki

1. male

laki

1. male carabao

From Proto-South Sulawesi *laki, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laki.

• IPA^(key): /ˈlaki/, [ˈla.kʰi]
• Hyphenation: la‧ki

laki (Lontara spelling ᨒᨀᨗ)

1. male (of animals and plants)

   Jangang lakia ― The cock

• bura'ne (of humans)

• gana (of animals and plants)
• baine (of humans)

First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (lāki).

• IPA^(key): /laki/

laki (Jawi spelling لاکي, plural laki-laki)

1. (probably vulgar) husband

   Synonym: suami

In many dialects this term considered vulgar. If reduplicated as laki-laki, it means male.

• “laki” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

laki

1. industrious; hardworking

laki

1. positive degree weak masculine nominative singular of lakr

Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Germanic *wlakuz (“moist, slimey”), from Proto-Indo-European *welg- (“wet, moist”).^[1]

laki m (genitive laka)^[2]

2. burbot (Lota lota spp.)
3. (anatomy) omasum

• Icelandic: laki
• Elfdalian: latji
• Norwegian Nynorsk: lake
• Old Swedish: laki
  • Swedish: lake
• Danish: lake

• IPA^(key): /ˈla.ki/
• Rhymes: -aki
• Syllabification: la‧ki

laki m inan

1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of lak

laki f

1. inflection of laka:
   1. genitive singular
   2. nominative/accusative/vocative plural

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laki.

láki

1. male; man

laki (Cyrillic spelling лаки)

1. inflection of lak:
   1. masculine nominative/vocative plural
   2. definite masculine nominative/vocative singular
   3. definite inanimate masculine accusative singular

laki

1. west

Swahili numbers ^(edit)

←  100	←  10,000	100,000	1,000,000 (106)  →	10,000,000 (107)  →
Cardinal: laki

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Borrowed from Omani Arabic لك (lakk), from Hindi लाख (lākh), from Sanskrit लक्ष (lakṣa).^[1]

laki (invariable)

1. hundred thousand, lakh

Borrowed from Arabic لَاقَى (lāqā).

-laki (infinitive kulaki)

1. to meet

Conjugation of -laki
Positive present -nalaki Subjunctive -laki Negative -laki Imperative singular laki
Infinitives
Positive kulaki Negative kutolaki
Imperatives
Singular laki Plural lakini
Tensed forms
Habitual hulaki Positive past positive subject concord + -lilaki Negative past negative subject concord + -kulaki
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nalaki) Singular Plural 1st person ninalaki/nalaki tunalaki 2nd person unalaki mnalaki 3rd person m-wa(I/II) analaki wanalaki other classes positive subject concord + -nalaki
Negative present (negative subject concord + -laki) Singular Plural 1st person silaki hatulaki 2nd person hulaki hamlaki 3rd person m-wa(I/II) halaki hawalaki other classes negative subject concord + -laki
Positive future positive subject concord + -talaki Negative future negative subject concord + -talaki
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -laki) Singular Plural 1st person nilaki tulaki 2nd person ulaki mlaki 3rd person m-wa(I/II) alaki walaki other classes positive subject concord + -laki
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -silaki Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngelaki Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singelaki Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalilaki Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalilaki
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -alaki) Singular Plural 1st person nalaki twalaki 2nd person walaki mwalaki 3rd person m-wa(I/II) alaki walaki m-mi(III/IV) walaki yalaki ji-ma(V/VI) lalaki yalaki ki-vi(VII/VIII) chalaki vyalaki n(IX/X) yalaki zalaki u(XI) walaki see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwalaki pa(XVI) palaki mu(XVIII) mwalaki
Perfect positive subject concord + -melaki "Already" positive subject concord + -meshalaki "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jalaki "If/When" positive subject concord + -kilaki "If not" positive subject concord + -sipolaki Consecutive kalaki / positive subject concord + -kalaki Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kalaki
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nilaki -tulaki 2nd person -kulaki -walaki/-kulakini/-walakini 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mlaki -walaki m-mi(III/IV) -ulaki -ilaki ji-ma(V/VI) -lilaki -yalaki ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kilaki -vilaki n(IX/X) -ilaki -zilaki u(XI) -ulaki see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kulaki pa(XVI) -palaki mu(XVIII) -mulaki Reflexive -jilaki
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -laki- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -lakiye -lakio m-mi(III/IV) -lakio -lakiyo ji-ma(V/VI) -lakilo -lakiyo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -lakicho -lakivyo n(IX/X) -lakiyo -lakizo u(XI) -lakio see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -lakiko pa(XVI) -lakipo mu(XVIII) -lakimo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -laki) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yelaki -olaki m-mi(III/IV) -olaki -yolaki ji-ma(V/VI) -lolaki -yolaki ki-vi(VII/VIII) -cholaki -vyolaki n(IX/X) -yolaki -zolaki u(XI) -olaki see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kolaki pa(XVI) -polaki mu(XVIII) -molaki
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

From Proto-Philippine *dakəl, with elision of /l/ then a sound shift of /d/ to /l/. Compare Yami rako, Ilocano dakkel, Pangasinan dakel, Kankanaey dakdakë, Dupaningan Agta dakal, Ibaloi shakel, Isnag dakkal, Kapampangan dakal, Kapampangan dagul, Bikol Central dakol, Cebuano dako, Hiligaynon daku, Agusan Manobo dakey, and Maranao dakel.

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /laˈki/ [lɐˈxɪ], (colloquial) /laˈke/ [lɐˈxɛ]
• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: la‧ki

lakí (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜃᜒ)

1. bigness; largeness

   Synonyms: kalakihan, pagkamalaki

2. size; measurement (especially in bigness)

   Synonym: sukat

3. growth (of plants, animals, etc.)

   Synonym: (of plants) pagtubo

4. bulk

   Synonym: bulto

5. high tide

   Synonyms: taog, pagtaog, taeb

6. (colloquial) greatness

   Synonyms: kadakilaan, kabantugan

lakí (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜃᜒ)

1. brought up; grew up (in a certain situation)

• “laki”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*dakél”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

• kali, akli

• latši

Borrowed from Ingrian laki.

• (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈlɑki/, [ˈɫɑkʲi]
• Rhymes: -ɑki
• Hyphenation: la‧ki

laki

1. ceiling

Declension of laki (type VII/nimi, k-g gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	laki	lagõd
genitive	lagõ	lakijõ, lakii
partitive	lakkia	lakiitõ, lakii
illative	lakkõsõ, lakkõ	lakiisõ
inessive	lagõz	lakiiz
elative	lagõssõ	lakiissõ
allative	lagõlõ	lakiilõ
adessive	lagõllõ	lakiillõ
ablative	lagõltõ	lakiiltõ
translative	lagõssi	lakiissi
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

• Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “latši”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn