Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic لَازِم (lāzim).
Verb
-lazimu (infinitive kulazimu)
- to need to, to have to, to force
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -lazimu
|
| Positive present
|
-nalazimu
|
| Subjunctive
|
-lazimu
|
| Negative
|
-lazimu
|
| Imperative singular
|
lazimu
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
lazimu
|
| Plural
|
lazimuni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hulazimu
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lilazimu
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kulazimu
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nalazimu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninalazimu/nalazimu
|
tunalazimu
|
| 2nd person
|
unalazimu
|
mnalazimu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
analazimu
|
wanalazimu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nalazimu
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -lazimu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
silazimu
|
hatulazimu
|
| 2nd person
|
hulazimu
|
hamlazimu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
halazimu
|
hawalazimu
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -lazimu
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -talazimu
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -talazimu
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -lazimu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nilazimu
|
tulazimu
|
| 2nd person
|
ulazimu
|
mlazimu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
alazimu
|
walazimu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -lazimu
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -silazimu
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngelazimu
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singelazimu
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalilazimu
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalilazimu
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -alazimu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nalazimu
|
twalazimu
|
| 2nd person
|
walazimu
|
mwalazimu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
alazimu
|
walazimu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
walazimu
|
yalazimu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lalazimu
|
yalazimu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chalazimu
|
vyalazimu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yalazimu
|
zalazimu
|
| u(XI)
|
walazimu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwalazimu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
palazimu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwalazimu
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -melazimu
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshalazimu
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jalazimu
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kilazimu
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipolazimu
|
| Consecutive
|
kalazimu / positive subject concord + -kalazimu
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kalazimu
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nilazimu
|
-tulazimu
|
| 2nd person
|
-kulazimu
|
-walazimu/-kulazimuni/-walazimuni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mlazimu
|
-walazimu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ulazimu
|
-ilazimu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lilazimu
|
-yalazimu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kilazimu
|
-vilazimu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ilazimu
|
-zilazimu
|
| u(XI)
|
-ulazimu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kulazimu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-palazimu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mulazimu
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jilazimu
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -lazimu- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-lazimuye
|
-lazimuo
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-lazimuo
|
-lazimuyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lazimulo
|
-lazimuyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-lazimucho
|
-lazimuvyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-lazimuyo
|
-lazimuzo
|
| u(XI)
|
-lazimuo
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-lazimuko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-lazimupo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-lazimumo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -lazimu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yelazimu
|
-olazimu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-olazimu
|
-yolazimu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lolazimu
|
-yolazimu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-cholazimu
|
-vyolazimu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yolazimu
|
-zolazimu
|
| u(XI)
|
-olazimu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kolazimu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-polazimu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-molazimu
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms