qaleka
Zulu
Etymology
Verb
-qaleka?
Inflection
| positive | negative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | ukuqaleka | ukungaqaleki | ||||
| imperative | ||||||
| simple | + object concord | |||||
| singular | qaleka | -qaleke | ||||
| plural | qalekani | -qalekeni | ||||
| present | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyaqaleka, ngiqaleka | engiqalekayo, engiqaleka | ngiqaleka | angiqaleki | engingaqaleki | ngingaqaleki |
| 2nd singular | uyaqaleka, uqaleka | oqalekayo, oqaleka | uqaleka | awuqaleki | ongaqaleki | ungaqaleki |
| 1st plural | siyaqaleka, siqaleka | esiqalekayo, esiqaleka | siqaleka | asiqaleki | esingaqaleki | singaqaleki |
| 2nd plural | niyaqaleka, niqaleka | eniqalekayo, eniqaleka | niqaleka | aniqaleki | eningaqaleki | ningaqaleki |
| class 1 | uyaqaleka, uqaleka | oqalekayo, oqaleka | eqaleka | akaqaleki | ongaqaleki | engaqaleki |
| class 2 | bayaqaleka, baqaleka | abaqalekayo, abaqaleka | beqaleka | abaqaleki | abangaqaleki | bengaqaleki |
| class 3 | uyaqaleka, uqaleka | oqalekayo, oqaleka | uqaleka | awuqaleki | ongaqaleki | ungaqaleki |
| class 4 | iyaqaleka, iqaleka | eqalekayo, eqaleka | iqaleka | ayiqaleki | engaqaleki | ingaqaleki |
| class 5 | liyaqaleka, liqaleka | eliqalekayo, eliqaleka | liqaleka | aliqaleki | elingaqaleki | lingaqaleki |
| class 6 | ayaqaleka, aqaleka | aqalekayo, aqaleka | eqaleka | awaqaleki | angaqaleki | engaqaleki |
| class 7 | siyaqaleka, siqaleka | esiqalekayo, esiqaleka | siqaleka | asiqaleki | esingaqaleki | singaqaleki |
| class 8 | ziyaqaleka, ziqaleka | eziqalekayo, eziqaleka | ziqaleka | aziqaleki | ezingaqaleki | zingaqaleki |
| class 9 | iyaqaleka, iqaleka | eqalekayo, eqaleka | iqaleka | ayiqaleki | engaqaleki | ingaqaleki |
| class 10 | ziyaqaleka, ziqaleka | eziqalekayo, eziqaleka | ziqaleka | aziqaleki | ezingaqaleki | zingaqaleki |
| class 11 | luyaqaleka, luqaleka | oluqalekayo, oluqaleka | luqaleka | aluqaleki | olungaqaleki | lungaqaleki |
| class 14 | buyaqaleka, buqaleka | obuqalekayo, obuqaleka | buqaleka | abuqaleki | obungaqaleki | bungaqaleki |
| class 15 | kuyaqaleka, kuqaleka | okuqalekayo, okuqaleka | kuqaleka | akuqaleki | okungaqaleki | kungaqaleki |
| class 17 | kuyaqaleka, kuqaleka | okuqalekayo, okuqaleka | kuqaleka | akuqaleki | okungaqaleki | kungaqaleki |
| recent past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiqalekile, ngiqalekē | engiqalekile, engiqalekē | ngiqalekile, ngiqalekē | angiqalekanga | engingaqalekanga | ngingaqalekanga |
| 2nd singular | uqalekile, uqalekē | oqalekile, oqalekē | uqalekile, uqalekē | awuqalekanga | ongaqalekanga | ungaqalekanga |
| 1st plural | siqalekile, siqalekē | esiqalekile, esiqalekē | siqalekile, siqalekē | asiqalekanga | esingaqalekanga | singaqalekanga |
| 2nd plural | niqalekile, niqalekē | eniqalekile, eniqalekē | niqalekile, niqalekē | aniqalekanga | eningaqalekanga | ningaqalekanga |
| class 1 | uqalekile, uqalekē | oqalekile, oqalekē | eqalekile, eqalekē | akaqalekanga | ongaqalekanga | engaqalekanga |
| class 2 | baqalekile, baqalekē | abaqalekile, abaqalekē | beqalekile, beqalekē | abaqalekanga | abangaqalekanga | bengaqalekanga |
| class 3 | uqalekile, uqalekē | oqalekile, oqalekē | uqalekile, uqalekē | awuqalekanga | ongaqalekanga | ungaqalekanga |
| class 4 | iqalekile, iqalekē | eqalekile, eqalekē | iqalekile, iqalekē | ayiqalekanga | engaqalekanga | ingaqalekanga |
| class 5 | liqalekile, liqalekē | eliqalekile, eliqalekē | liqalekile, liqalekē | aliqalekanga | elingaqalekanga | lingaqalekanga |
| class 6 | aqalekile, aqalekē | aqalekile, aqalekē | eqalekile, eqalekē | awaqalekanga | angaqalekanga | engaqalekanga |
| class 7 | siqalekile, siqalekē | esiqalekile, esiqalekē | siqalekile, siqalekē | asiqalekanga | esingaqalekanga | singaqalekanga |
| class 8 | ziqalekile, ziqalekē | eziqalekile, eziqalekē | ziqalekile, ziqalekē | aziqalekanga | ezingaqalekanga | zingaqalekanga |
| class 9 | iqalekile, iqalekē | eqalekile, eqalekē | iqalekile, iqalekē | ayiqalekanga | engaqalekanga | ingaqalekanga |
| class 10 | ziqalekile, ziqalekē | eziqalekile, eziqalekē | ziqalekile, ziqalekē | aziqalekanga | ezingaqalekanga | zingaqalekanga |
| class 11 | luqalekile, luqalekē | oluqalekile, oluqalekē | luqalekile, luqalekē | aluqalekanga | olungaqalekanga | lungaqalekanga |
| class 14 | buqalekile, buqalekē | obuqalekile, obuqalekē | buqalekile, buqalekē | abuqalekanga | obungaqalekanga | bungaqalekanga |
| class 15 | kuqalekile, kuqalekē | okuqalekile, okuqalekē | kuqalekile, kuqalekē | akuqalekanga | okungaqalekanga | kungaqalekanga |
| class 17 | kuqalekile, kuqalekē | okuqalekile, okuqalekē | kuqalekile, kuqalekē | akuqalekanga | okungaqalekanga | kungaqalekanga |
| remote past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngāqaleka | engāqaleka | ngāqaleka | angiqalekanga | engingaqalekanga | ngingaqalekanga |
| 2nd singular | wāqaleka | owāqaleka | wāqaleka | awuqalekanga | ongaqalekanga | ungaqalekanga |
| 1st plural | sāqaleka | esāqaleka | sāqaleka | asiqalekanga | esingaqalekanga | singaqalekanga |
| 2nd plural | nāqaleka | enāqaleka | nāqaleka | aniqalekanga | eningaqalekanga | ningaqalekanga |
| class 1 | wāqaleka | owāqaleka | āqaleka | akaqalekanga | ongaqalekanga | engaqalekanga |
| class 2 | bāqaleka | abāqaleka | bāqaleka | abaqalekanga | abangaqalekanga | bengaqalekanga |
| class 3 | wāqaleka | owāqaleka | wāqaleka | awuqalekanga | ongaqalekanga | ungaqalekanga |
| class 4 | yāqaleka | eyāqaleka | yāqaleka | ayiqalekanga | engaqalekanga | ingaqalekanga |
| class 5 | lāqaleka | elāqaleka | lāqaleka | aliqalekanga | elingaqalekanga | lingaqalekanga |
| class 6 | āqaleka | āqaleka | āqaleka | awaqalekanga | angaqalekanga | engaqalekanga |
| class 7 | sāqaleka | esāqaleka | sāqaleka | asiqalekanga | esingaqalekanga | singaqalekanga |
| class 8 | zāqaleka | ezāqaleka | zāqaleka | aziqalekanga | ezingaqalekanga | zingaqalekanga |
| class 9 | yāqaleka | eyāqaleka | yāqaleka | ayiqalekanga | engaqalekanga | ingaqalekanga |
| class 10 | zāqaleka | ezāqaleka | zāqaleka | aziqalekanga | ezingaqalekanga | zingaqalekanga |
| class 11 | lwāqaleka | olwāqaleka | lwāqaleka | aluqalekanga | olungaqalekanga | lungaqalekanga |
| class 14 | bāqaleka | obāqaleka | bāqaleka | abuqalekanga | obungaqalekanga | bungaqalekanga |
| class 15 | kwāqaleka | okwāqaleka | kwāqaleka | akuqalekanga | okungaqalekanga | kungaqalekanga |
| class 17 | kwāqaleka | okwāqaleka | kwāqaleka | akuqalekanga | okungaqalekanga | kungaqalekanga |
| potential | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngingaqaleka | — | ngingaqaleka | ngingeqaleke | — | ngingeqaleke |
| 2nd singular | ungaqaleka | — | ungaqaleka | ungeqaleke | — | ungeqaleke |
| 1st plural | singaqaleka | — | singaqaleka | singeqaleke | — | singeqaleke |
| 2nd plural | ningaqaleka | — | ningaqaleka | ningeqaleke | — | ningeqaleke |
| class 1 | angaqaleka | — | engaqaleka | angeqaleke | — | engeqaleke |
| class 2 | bangaqaleka | — | bengaqaleka | bangeqaleke | — | bengeqaleke |
| class 3 | ungaqaleka | — | ungaqaleka | ungeqaleke | — | ungeqaleke |
| class 4 | ingaqaleka | — | ingaqaleka | ingeqaleke | — | ingeqaleke |
| class 5 | lingaqaleka | — | lingaqaleka | lingeqaleke | — | lingeqaleke |
| class 6 | angaqaleka | — | engaqaleka | angeqaleke | — | engeqaleke |
| class 7 | singaqaleka | — | singaqaleka | singeqaleke | — | singeqaleke |
| class 8 | zingaqaleka | — | zingaqaleka | zingeqaleke | — | zingeqaleke |
| class 9 | ingaqaleka | — | ingaqaleka | ingeqaleke | — | ingeqaleke |
| class 10 | zingaqaleka | — | zingaqaleka | zingeqaleke | — | zingeqaleke |
| class 11 | lungaqaleka | — | lungaqaleka | lungeqaleke | — | lungeqaleke |
| class 14 | bungaqaleka | — | bungaqaleka | bungeqaleke | — | bungeqaleke |
| class 15 | kungaqaleka | — | kungaqaleka | kungeqaleke | — | kungeqaleke |
| class 17 | kungaqaleka | — | kungaqaleka | kungeqaleke | — | kungeqaleke |
| immediate future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngizoqaleka | engizoqaleka | ngizoqaleka | angizuqaleka | engingezuqaleka | ngingezuqaleka |
| 2nd singular | uzoqaleka | ozoqaleka | uzoqaleka | awuzuqaleka | ongezuqaleka | ungezuqaleka |
| 1st plural | sizoqaleka | esizoqaleka | sizoqaleka | asizuqaleka | esingezuqaleka | singezuqaleka |
| 2nd plural | nizoqaleka | enizoqaleka | nizoqaleka | anizuqaleka | eningezuqaleka | ningezuqaleka |
| class 1 | uzoqaleka | ozoqaleka | ezoqaleka | akazuqaleka | ongezuqaleka | engezuqaleka |
| class 2 | bazoqaleka | abazoqaleka | bezoqaleka | abazuqaleka | abangezuqaleka | bengezuqaleka |
| class 3 | uzoqaleka | ozoqaleka | uzoqaleka | awuzuqaleka | ongezuqaleka | ungezuqaleka |
| class 4 | izoqaleka | ezoqaleka | izoqaleka | ayizuqaleka | engezuqaleka | ingezuqaleka |
| class 5 | lizoqaleka | elizoqaleka | lizoqaleka | alizuqaleka | elingezuqaleka | lingezuqaleka |
| class 6 | azoqaleka | azoqaleka | ezoqaleka | awazuqaleka | angezuqaleka | engezuqaleka |
| class 7 | sizoqaleka | esizoqaleka | sizoqaleka | asizuqaleka | esingezuqaleka | singezuqaleka |
| class 8 | zizoqaleka | ezizoqaleka | zizoqaleka | azizuqaleka | ezingezuqaleka | zingezuqaleka |
| class 9 | izoqaleka | ezoqaleka | izoqaleka | ayizuqaleka | engezuqaleka | ingezuqaleka |
| class 10 | zizoqaleka | ezizoqaleka | zizoqaleka | azizuqaleka | ezingezuqaleka | zingezuqaleka |
| class 11 | luzoqaleka | oluzoqaleka | luzoqaleka | aluzuqaleka | olungezuqaleka | lungezuqaleka |
| class 14 | buzoqaleka | obuzoqaleka | buzoqaleka | abuzuqaleka | obungezuqaleka | bungezuqaleka |
| class 15 | kuzoqaleka | okuzoqaleka | kuzoqaleka | akuzuqaleka | okungezuqaleka | kungezuqaleka |
| class 17 | kuzoqaleka | okuzoqaleka | kuzoqaleka | akuzuqaleka | okungezuqaleka | kungezuqaleka |
| remote future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyoqaleka | engiyoqaleka | ngiyoqaleka | angiyuqaleka | engingeyuqaleka | ngingeyuqaleka |
| 2nd singular | uyoqaleka | oyoqaleka | uyoqaleka | awuyuqaleka | ongeyuqaleka | ungeyuqaleka |
| 1st plural | siyoqaleka | esiyoqaleka | siyoqaleka | asiyuqaleka | esingeyuqaleka | singeyuqaleka |
| 2nd plural | niyoqaleka | eniyoqaleka | niyoqaleka | aniyuqaleka | eningeyuqaleka | ningeyuqaleka |
| class 1 | uyoqaleka | oyoqaleka | eyoqaleka | akayuqaleka | ongeyuqaleka | engeyuqaleka |
| class 2 | bayoqaleka | abayoqaleka | beyoqaleka | abayuqaleka | abangeyuqaleka | bengeyuqaleka |
| class 3 | uyoqaleka | oyoqaleka | uyoqaleka | awuyuqaleka | ongeyuqaleka | ungeyuqaleka |
| class 4 | iyoqaleka | eyoqaleka | iyoqaleka | ayiyuqaleka | engeyuqaleka | ingeyuqaleka |
| class 5 | liyoqaleka | eliyoqaleka | liyoqaleka | aliyuqaleka | elingeyuqaleka | lingeyuqaleka |
| class 6 | ayoqaleka | ayoqaleka | eyoqaleka | awayuqaleka | angeyuqaleka | engeyuqaleka |
| class 7 | siyoqaleka | esiyoqaleka | siyoqaleka | asiyuqaleka | esingeyuqaleka | singeyuqaleka |
| class 8 | ziyoqaleka | eziyoqaleka | ziyoqaleka | aziyuqaleka | ezingeyuqaleka | zingeyuqaleka |
| class 9 | iyoqaleka | eyoqaleka | iyoqaleka | ayiyuqaleka | engeyuqaleka | ingeyuqaleka |
| class 10 | ziyoqaleka | eziyoqaleka | ziyoqaleka | aziyuqaleka | ezingeyuqaleka | zingeyuqaleka |
| class 11 | luyoqaleka | oluyoqaleka | luyoqaleka | aluyuqaleka | olungeyuqaleka | lungeyuqaleka |
| class 14 | buyoqaleka | obuyoqaleka | buyoqaleka | abuyuqaleka | obungeyuqaleka | bungeyuqaleka |
| class 15 | kuyoqaleka | okuyoqaleka | kuyoqaleka | akuyuqaleka | okungeyuqaleka | kungeyuqaleka |
| class 17 | kuyoqaleka | okuyoqaleka | kuyoqaleka | akuyuqaleka | okungeyuqaleka | kungeyuqaleka |
| present subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngiqaleke | ngingaqaleki | ||||
| 2nd singular | uqaleke | ungaqaleki | ||||
| 1st plural | siqaleke | singaqaleki | ||||
| 2nd plural | niqaleke | ningaqaleki | ||||
| class 1 | aqaleke | angaqaleki | ||||
| class 2 | baqaleke | bangaqaleki | ||||
| class 3 | uqaleke | ungaqaleki | ||||
| class 4 | iqaleke | ingaqaleki | ||||
| class 5 | liqaleke | lingaqaleki | ||||
| class 6 | aqaleke | angaqaleki | ||||
| class 7 | siqaleke | singaqaleki | ||||
| class 8 | ziqaleke | zingaqaleki | ||||
| class 9 | iqaleke | ingaqaleki | ||||
| class 10 | ziqaleke | zingaqaleki | ||||
| class 11 | luqaleke | lungaqaleki | ||||
| class 14 | buqaleke | bungaqaleki | ||||
| class 15 | kuqaleke | kungaqaleki | ||||
| class 17 | kuqaleke | kungaqaleki | ||||
| past subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngaqaleka | ngangaqaleka, angaqaleka, angangaqaleka | ||||
| 2nd singular | waqaleka | wangaqaleka, awaqaleka, awangaqaleka | ||||
| 1st plural | saqaleka | sangaqaleka, asaqaleka, asangaqaleka | ||||
| 2nd plural | naqaleka | nangaqaleka, anaqaleka, anangaqaleka | ||||
| class 1 | waqaleka | wangaqaleka, akaqaleka, akangaqaleka | ||||
| class 2 | baqaleka | bangaqaleka, abaqaleka, abangaqaleka | ||||
| class 3 | waqaleka | wangaqaleka, awaqaleka, awangaqaleka | ||||
| class 4 | yaqaleka | yangaqaleka, ayaqaleka, ayangaqaleka | ||||
| class 5 | laqaleka | langaqaleka, alaqaleka, alangaqaleka | ||||
| class 6 | aqaleka | angaqaleka, awaqaleka, awangaqaleka | ||||
| class 7 | saqaleka | sangaqaleka, asaqaleka, asangaqaleka | ||||
| class 8 | zaqaleka | zangaqaleka, azaqaleka, azangaqaleka | ||||
| class 9 | yaqaleka | yangaqaleka, ayaqaleka, ayangaqaleka | ||||
| class 10 | zaqaleka | zangaqaleka, azaqaleka, azangaqaleka | ||||
| class 11 | lwaqaleka | lwangaqaleka, alwaqaleka, alwangaqaleka | ||||
| class 14 | baqaleka | bangaqaleka, abaqaleka, abangaqaleka | ||||
| class 15 | kwaqaleka | kwangaqaleka, akwaqaleka, akwangaqaleka | ||||
| class 17 | kwaqaleka | kwangaqaleka, akwaqaleka, akwangaqaleka | ||||
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “qaleka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qaleka (3.2.9)”