Swahili
Etymology
From Arabic طَمِعَ (ṭamiʕa).[1]
Pronunciation
Verb
-tumaini (infinitive kutumaini)
- to hope (to want something to happen)
- to believe, expect
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -tumaini
|
| Positive present
|
-natumaini
|
| Subjunctive
|
-tumaini
|
| Negative
|
-tumaini
|
| Imperative singular
|
tumaini
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
tumaini
|
| Plural
|
tumainini
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hutumaini
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -litumaini
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kutumaini
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -natumaini)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninatumaini/natumaini
|
tunatumaini
|
| 2nd person
|
unatumaini
|
mnatumaini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anatumaini
|
wanatumaini
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -natumaini
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -tumaini)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
situmaini
|
hatutumaini
|
| 2nd person
|
hutumaini
|
hamtumaini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hatumaini
|
hawatumaini
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -tumaini
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tatumaini
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tatumaini
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -tumaini)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nitumaini
|
tutumaini
|
| 2nd person
|
utumaini
|
mtumaini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
atumaini
|
watumaini
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -tumaini
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -situmaini
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngetumaini
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singetumaini
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalitumaini
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalitumaini
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atumaini)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
natumaini
|
twatumaini
|
| 2nd person
|
watumaini
|
mwatumaini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
atumaini
|
watumaini
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
watumaini
|
yatumaini
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
latumaini
|
yatumaini
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chatumaini
|
vyatumaini
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yatumaini
|
zatumaini
|
| u(XI)
|
watumaini
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwatumaini
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
patumaini
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwatumaini
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -metumaini
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshatumaini
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jatumaini
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kitumaini
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipotumaini
|
| Consecutive
|
katumaini / positive subject concord + -katumaini
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -katumaini
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nitumaini
|
-tutumaini
|
| 2nd person
|
-kutumaini
|
-watumaini/-kutumainini/-watumainini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mtumaini
|
-watumaini
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-utumaini
|
-itumaini
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-litumaini
|
-yatumaini
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kitumaini
|
-vitumaini
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-itumaini
|
-zitumaini
|
| u(XI)
|
-utumaini
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kutumaini
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-patumaini
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mutumaini
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jitumaini
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -tumaini- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-tumainiye
|
-tumainio
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-tumainio
|
-tumainiyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-tumainilo
|
-tumainiyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-tumainicho
|
-tumainivyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-tumainiyo
|
-tumainizo
|
| u(XI)
|
-tumainio
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-tumainiko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-tumainipo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-tumainimo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -tumaini)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yetumaini
|
-otumaini
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-otumaini
|
-yotumaini
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lotumaini
|
-yotumaini
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chotumaini
|
-vyotumaini
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yotumaini
|
-zotumaini
|
| u(XI)
|
-otumaini
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kotumaini
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-potumaini
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-motumaini
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
Noun
tumaini class V (plural matumaini class VI)
- belief, expectation
- (often in the plural) hope
References
- ^ Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 193 Nr. 1721