vula
Chichewa
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈvu.ɽa/
Verb
-vula (infinitive kuvúla)
Fanagalo
Etymology
From Zulu -vula, from Proto-Bantu *-dùgʊda.
Verb
vula
- to open
Fijian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Central Pacific *vula, from Proto-Oceanic *pulan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulan, from Proto-Austronesian *bulaN.
Noun
vula
- moon (largest natural satellite of planet Earth)
- moon (any substantially sized natural satellite of a planet)
- month
Etymology 2
Adjective
vula (used in the reduplicated form as vulavula)
Northern Ndebele
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-dùgʊda.
Verb
-vula
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Phuthi
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-dùgʊda.
Verb
-vula
- to open
Inflection
This entry needs an inflection-table template.
Southern Ndebele
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-dùgʊda.
Noun
-vula
- to open
Inflection
This entry needs an inflection-table template.
Swazi
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-dùgʊda.
Verb
-vula
- to open
Inflection
This entry needs an inflection-table template.
Venda
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-dùgʊda.
Verb
vula
Xhosa
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-dùgʊda.
Verb
-vula
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-dùgʊda.
Verb
-vula
Inflection
| positive | negative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | ukuvula | ukungavuli | ||||
| imperative | ||||||
| simple | + object concord | |||||
| singular | vula | -vule | ||||
| plural | vulani | -vuleni | ||||
| present | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyavula, ngivula | engivulayo, engivula | ngivula | angivuli | engingavuli | ngingavuli |
| 2nd singular | uyavula, uvula | ovulayo, ovula | uvula | awuvuli | ongavuli | ungavuli |
| 1st plural | siyavula, sivula | esivulayo, esivula | sivula | asivuli | esingavuli | singavuli |
| 2nd plural | niyavula, nivula | enivulayo, enivula | nivula | anivuli | eningavuli | ningavuli |
| class 1 | uyavula, uvula | ovulayo, ovula | evula | akavuli | ongavuli | engavuli |
| class 2 | bayavula, bavula | abavulayo, abavula | bevula | abavuli | abangavuli | bengavuli |
| class 3 | uyavula, uvula | ovulayo, ovula | uvula | awuvuli | ongavuli | ungavuli |
| class 4 | iyavula, ivula | evulayo, evula | ivula | ayivuli | engavuli | ingavuli |
| class 5 | liyavula, livula | elivulayo, elivula | livula | alivuli | elingavuli | lingavuli |
| class 6 | ayavula, avula | avulayo, avula | evula | awavuli | angavuli | engavuli |
| class 7 | siyavula, sivula | esivulayo, esivula | sivula | asivuli | esingavuli | singavuli |
| class 8 | ziyavula, zivula | ezivulayo, ezivula | zivula | azivuli | ezingavuli | zingavuli |
| class 9 | iyavula, ivula | evulayo, evula | ivula | ayivuli | engavuli | ingavuli |
| class 10 | ziyavula, zivula | ezivulayo, ezivula | zivula | azivuli | ezingavuli | zingavuli |
| class 11 | luyavula, luvula | oluvulayo, oluvula | luvula | aluvuli | olungavuli | lungavuli |
| class 14 | buyavula, buvula | obuvulayo, obuvula | buvula | abuvuli | obungavuli | bungavuli |
| class 15 | kuyavula, kuvula | okuvulayo, okuvula | kuvula | akuvuli | okungavuli | kungavuli |
| class 17 | kuyavula, kuvula | okuvulayo, okuvula | kuvula | akuvuli | okungavuli | kungavuli |
| recent past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngivulile, ngivulē | engivulile, engivulē | ngivulile, ngivulē | angivulanga | engingavulanga | ngingavulanga |
| 2nd singular | uvulile, uvulē | ovulile, ovulē | uvulile, uvulē | awuvulanga | ongavulanga | ungavulanga |
| 1st plural | sivulile, sivulē | esivulile, esivulē | sivulile, sivulē | asivulanga | esingavulanga | singavulanga |
| 2nd plural | nivulile, nivulē | enivulile, enivulē | nivulile, nivulē | anivulanga | eningavulanga | ningavulanga |
| class 1 | uvulile, uvulē | ovulile, ovulē | evulile, evulē | akavulanga | ongavulanga | engavulanga |
| class 2 | bavulile, bavulē | abavulile, abavulē | bevulile, bevulē | abavulanga | abangavulanga | bengavulanga |
| class 3 | uvulile, uvulē | ovulile, ovulē | uvulile, uvulē | awuvulanga | ongavulanga | ungavulanga |
| class 4 | ivulile, ivulē | evulile, evulē | ivulile, ivulē | ayivulanga | engavulanga | ingavulanga |
| class 5 | livulile, livulē | elivulile, elivulē | livulile, livulē | alivulanga | elingavulanga | lingavulanga |
| class 6 | avulile, avulē | avulile, avulē | evulile, evulē | awavulanga | angavulanga | engavulanga |
| class 7 | sivulile, sivulē | esivulile, esivulē | sivulile, sivulē | asivulanga | esingavulanga | singavulanga |
| class 8 | zivulile, zivulē | ezivulile, ezivulē | zivulile, zivulē | azivulanga | ezingavulanga | zingavulanga |
| class 9 | ivulile, ivulē | evulile, evulē | ivulile, ivulē | ayivulanga | engavulanga | ingavulanga |
| class 10 | zivulile, zivulē | ezivulile, ezivulē | zivulile, zivulē | azivulanga | ezingavulanga | zingavulanga |
| class 11 | luvulile, luvulē | oluvulile, oluvulē | luvulile, luvulē | aluvulanga | olungavulanga | lungavulanga |
| class 14 | buvulile, buvulē | obuvulile, obuvulē | buvulile, buvulē | abuvulanga | obungavulanga | bungavulanga |
| class 15 | kuvulile, kuvulē | okuvulile, okuvulē | kuvulile, kuvulē | akuvulanga | okungavulanga | kungavulanga |
| class 17 | kuvulile, kuvulē | okuvulile, okuvulē | kuvulile, kuvulē | akuvulanga | okungavulanga | kungavulanga |
| remote past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngāvula | engāvula | ngāvula | angivulanga | engingavulanga | ngingavulanga |
| 2nd singular | wāvula | owāvula | wāvula | awuvulanga | ongavulanga | ungavulanga |
| 1st plural | sāvula | esāvula | sāvula | asivulanga | esingavulanga | singavulanga |
| 2nd plural | nāvula | enāvula | nāvula | anivulanga | eningavulanga | ningavulanga |
| class 1 | wāvula | owāvula | āvula | akavulanga | ongavulanga | engavulanga |
| class 2 | bāvula | abāvula | bāvula | abavulanga | abangavulanga | bengavulanga |
| class 3 | wāvula | owāvula | wāvula | awuvulanga | ongavulanga | ungavulanga |
| class 4 | yāvula | eyāvula | yāvula | ayivulanga | engavulanga | ingavulanga |
| class 5 | lāvula | elāvula | lāvula | alivulanga | elingavulanga | lingavulanga |
| class 6 | āvula | āvula | āvula | awavulanga | angavulanga | engavulanga |
| class 7 | sāvula | esāvula | sāvula | asivulanga | esingavulanga | singavulanga |
| class 8 | zāvula | ezāvula | zāvula | azivulanga | ezingavulanga | zingavulanga |
| class 9 | yāvula | eyāvula | yāvula | ayivulanga | engavulanga | ingavulanga |
| class 10 | zāvula | ezāvula | zāvula | azivulanga | ezingavulanga | zingavulanga |
| class 11 | lwāvula | olwāvula | lwāvula | aluvulanga | olungavulanga | lungavulanga |
| class 14 | bāvula | obāvula | bāvula | abuvulanga | obungavulanga | bungavulanga |
| class 15 | kwāvula | okwāvula | kwāvula | akuvulanga | okungavulanga | kungavulanga |
| class 17 | kwāvula | okwāvula | kwāvula | akuvulanga | okungavulanga | kungavulanga |
| potential | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngingavula | — | ngingavula | ngingevule | — | ngingevule |
| 2nd singular | ungavula | — | ungavula | ungevule | — | ungevule |
| 1st plural | singavula | — | singavula | singevule | — | singevule |
| 2nd plural | ningavula | — | ningavula | ningevule | — | ningevule |
| class 1 | angavula | — | engavula | angevule | — | engevule |
| class 2 | bangavula | — | bengavula | bangevule | — | bengevule |
| class 3 | ungavula | — | ungavula | ungevule | — | ungevule |
| class 4 | ingavula | — | ingavula | ingevule | — | ingevule |
| class 5 | lingavula | — | lingavula | lingevule | — | lingevule |
| class 6 | angavula | — | engavula | angevule | — | engevule |
| class 7 | singavula | — | singavula | singevule | — | singevule |
| class 8 | zingavula | — | zingavula | zingevule | — | zingevule |
| class 9 | ingavula | — | ingavula | ingevule | — | ingevule |
| class 10 | zingavula | — | zingavula | zingevule | — | zingevule |
| class 11 | lungavula | — | lungavula | lungevule | — | lungevule |
| class 14 | bungavula | — | bungavula | bungevule | — | bungevule |
| class 15 | kungavula | — | kungavula | kungevule | — | kungevule |
| class 17 | kungavula | — | kungavula | kungevule | — | kungevule |
| immediate future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngizovula | engizovula | ngizovula | angizuvula | engingezuvula | ngingezuvula |
| 2nd singular | uzovula | ozovula | uzovula | awuzuvula | ongezuvula | ungezuvula |
| 1st plural | sizovula | esizovula | sizovula | asizuvula | esingezuvula | singezuvula |
| 2nd plural | nizovula | enizovula | nizovula | anizuvula | eningezuvula | ningezuvula |
| class 1 | uzovula | ozovula | ezovula | akazuvula | ongezuvula | engezuvula |
| class 2 | bazovula | abazovula | bezovula | abazuvula | abangezuvula | bengezuvula |
| class 3 | uzovula | ozovula | uzovula | awuzuvula | ongezuvula | ungezuvula |
| class 4 | izovula | ezovula | izovula | ayizuvula | engezuvula | ingezuvula |
| class 5 | lizovula | elizovula | lizovula | alizuvula | elingezuvula | lingezuvula |
| class 6 | azovula | azovula | ezovula | awazuvula | angezuvula | engezuvula |
| class 7 | sizovula | esizovula | sizovula | asizuvula | esingezuvula | singezuvula |
| class 8 | zizovula | ezizovula | zizovula | azizuvula | ezingezuvula | zingezuvula |
| class 9 | izovula | ezovula | izovula | ayizuvula | engezuvula | ingezuvula |
| class 10 | zizovula | ezizovula | zizovula | azizuvula | ezingezuvula | zingezuvula |
| class 11 | luzovula | oluzovula | luzovula | aluzuvula | olungezuvula | lungezuvula |
| class 14 | buzovula | obuzovula | buzovula | abuzuvula | obungezuvula | bungezuvula |
| class 15 | kuzovula | okuzovula | kuzovula | akuzuvula | okungezuvula | kungezuvula |
| class 17 | kuzovula | okuzovula | kuzovula | akuzuvula | okungezuvula | kungezuvula |
| remote future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyovula | engiyovula | ngiyovula | angiyuvula | engingeyuvula | ngingeyuvula |
| 2nd singular | uyovula | oyovula | uyovula | awuyuvula | ongeyuvula | ungeyuvula |
| 1st plural | siyovula | esiyovula | siyovula | asiyuvula | esingeyuvula | singeyuvula |
| 2nd plural | niyovula | eniyovula | niyovula | aniyuvula | eningeyuvula | ningeyuvula |
| class 1 | uyovula | oyovula | eyovula | akayuvula | ongeyuvula | engeyuvula |
| class 2 | bayovula | abayovula | beyovula | abayuvula | abangeyuvula | bengeyuvula |
| class 3 | uyovula | oyovula | uyovula | awuyuvula | ongeyuvula | ungeyuvula |
| class 4 | iyovula | eyovula | iyovula | ayiyuvula | engeyuvula | ingeyuvula |
| class 5 | liyovula | eliyovula | liyovula | aliyuvula | elingeyuvula | lingeyuvula |
| class 6 | ayovula | ayovula | eyovula | awayuvula | angeyuvula | engeyuvula |
| class 7 | siyovula | esiyovula | siyovula | asiyuvula | esingeyuvula | singeyuvula |
| class 8 | ziyovula | eziyovula | ziyovula | aziyuvula | ezingeyuvula | zingeyuvula |
| class 9 | iyovula | eyovula | iyovula | ayiyuvula | engeyuvula | ingeyuvula |
| class 10 | ziyovula | eziyovula | ziyovula | aziyuvula | ezingeyuvula | zingeyuvula |
| class 11 | luyovula | oluyovula | luyovula | aluyuvula | olungeyuvula | lungeyuvula |
| class 14 | buyovula | obuyovula | buyovula | abuyuvula | obungeyuvula | bungeyuvula |
| class 15 | kuyovula | okuyovula | kuyovula | akuyuvula | okungeyuvula | kungeyuvula |
| class 17 | kuyovula | okuyovula | kuyovula | akuyuvula | okungeyuvula | kungeyuvula |
| present subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngivule | ngingavuli | ||||
| 2nd singular | uvule | ungavuli | ||||
| 1st plural | sivule | singavuli | ||||
| 2nd plural | nivule | ningavuli | ||||
| class 1 | avule | angavuli | ||||
| class 2 | bavule | bangavuli | ||||
| class 3 | uvule | ungavuli | ||||
| class 4 | ivule | ingavuli | ||||
| class 5 | livule | lingavuli | ||||
| class 6 | avule | angavuli | ||||
| class 7 | sivule | singavuli | ||||
| class 8 | zivule | zingavuli | ||||
| class 9 | ivule | ingavuli | ||||
| class 10 | zivule | zingavuli | ||||
| class 11 | luvule | lungavuli | ||||
| class 14 | buvule | bungavuli | ||||
| class 15 | kuvule | kungavuli | ||||
| class 17 | kuvule | kungavuli | ||||
| past subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngavula | ngangavula, angavula, angangavula | ||||
| 2nd singular | wavula | wangavula, awavula, awangavula | ||||
| 1st plural | savula | sangavula, asavula, asangavula | ||||
| 2nd plural | navula | nangavula, anavula, anangavula | ||||
| class 1 | wavula | wangavula, akavula, akangavula | ||||
| class 2 | bavula | bangavula, abavula, abangavula | ||||
| class 3 | wavula | wangavula, awavula, awangavula | ||||
| class 4 | yavula | yangavula, ayavula, ayangavula | ||||
| class 5 | lavula | langavula, alavula, alangavula | ||||
| class 6 | avula | angavula, awavula, awangavula | ||||
| class 7 | savula | sangavula, asavula, asangavula | ||||
| class 8 | zavula | zangavula, azavula, azangavula | ||||
| class 9 | yavula | yangavula, ayavula, ayangavula | ||||
| class 10 | zavula | zangavula, azavula, azangavula | ||||
| class 11 | lwavula | lwangavula, alwavula, alwangavula | ||||
| class 14 | bavula | bangavula, abavula, abangavula | ||||
| class 15 | kwavula | kwangavula, akwavula, akwangavula | ||||
| class 17 | kwavula | kwangavula, akwavula, akwangavula | ||||
Derived terms
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “vula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “vula (6.3)”