βαρύς
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *gʷarus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us. Cognate to Sanskrit गुरु (gurú), Latin gravis.[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ba.rýs/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /baˈrys/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /βaˈrys/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /vaˈrys/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /vaˈris/
Adjective
βᾰρῠ́ς • (bărŭ́s) m (feminine βᾰρεῖᾰ, neuter βᾰρύ); first/third declension
- heavy, weighty
- heavy, burdensome, oppressive
- deep, hollow, loud (voice)
- grievous, troublesome, painful
- unwholesome
- hard, cruel
- strong, mighty
Declension
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
| Nominative | βᾰρῠ́ς bărŭ́s |
βᾰρεῖᾰ băreîă |
βᾰρῠ́ bărŭ́ |
βᾰρέε bărée |
βᾰρείᾱ băreíā |
βᾰρέε bărée |
βᾰρεῖς băreîs |
βᾰρεῖαι băreîai |
βᾰρέᾰ băréă | |||||
| Genitive | βᾰρέος băréos |
βᾰρείᾱς băreíās |
βᾰρέος băréos |
βᾰρέοιν băréoin |
βᾰρείαιν băreíain |
βᾰρέοιν băréoin |
βᾰρέων băréōn |
βᾰρειῶν băreiôn |
βᾰρέων băréōn | |||||
| Dative | βᾰρεῖ băreî |
βᾰρείᾳ băreíāi |
βᾰρεῖ băreî |
βᾰρέοιν băréoin |
βᾰρείαιν băreíain |
βᾰρέοιν băréoin |
βᾰρέσῐ / βᾰρέσῐν bărésĭ(n) |
βᾰρείαις băreíais |
βᾰρέσῐ / βᾰρέσῐν bărésĭ(n) | |||||
| Accusative | βᾰρῠ́ν bărŭ́n |
βᾰρεῖᾰν băreîăn |
βᾰρῠ́ bărŭ́ |
βᾰρέε bărée |
βᾰρείᾱ băreíā |
βᾰρέε bărée |
βᾰρεῖς băreîs |
βᾰρείᾱς băreíās |
βᾰρέᾰ băréă | |||||
| Vocative | βᾰρῠ́ bărŭ́ |
βᾰρεῖᾰ băreîă |
βᾰρῠ́ bărŭ́ |
βᾰρέε bărée |
βᾰρείᾱ băreíā |
βᾰρέε bărée |
βᾰρεῖς băreîs |
βᾰρεῖαι băreîai |
βᾰρέᾰ băréă | |||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| βᾰρέως băréōs |
βᾰρῠ́τερος bărŭ́teros |
βᾰρῠ́τᾰτος bărŭ́tătos | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| |||||||||||||
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
| Nominative | βᾰρῠ́ς bărŭ́s |
βᾰρεῖᾰ băreîă |
βᾰρῠ́ bărŭ́ |
βᾰρέε bărée |
βᾰρείᾱ băreíā |
βᾰρέε bărée |
βᾰρέες bărées |
βᾰρεῖαι băreîai |
βᾰρέᾰ băréă | |||||
| Genitive | βᾰρέος băréos |
βᾰρείης băreíēs |
βᾰρέος băréos |
βᾰρέοιν / βᾰρέοιῐν băréoi(ĭ)n |
βᾰρείαιν / βᾰρείαιῐν / βᾰρείῃῐν băreíai(ĭ)n / băreíēiĭn |
βᾰρέοιν / βᾰρέοιῐν băréoi(ĭ)n |
βᾰρέων băréōn |
βᾰρειᾱ́ων / βᾰρειέ͜ων / βᾰρειῶν băreiā́ōn / băreié͜ōn / băreiôn |
βᾰρέων băréōn | |||||
| Dative | βᾰρεῖ băreî |
βᾰρείῃ băreíēi |
βᾰρεῖ băreî |
βᾰρέοιν / βᾰρέοιῐν băréoi(ĭ)n |
βᾰρείαιν / βᾰρείαιῐν / βᾰρείῃῐν băreíai(ĭ)n / băreíēiĭn |
βᾰρέοιν / βᾰρέοιῐν băréoi(ĭ)n |
βᾰρέεσσῐ / βᾰρέεσσῐν / βᾰρέεσῐ / βᾰρέεσῐν / βᾰρέσῐ / βᾰρέσῐν băréessĭ(n) / băréesĭ(n) / bărésĭ(n) |
βᾰρείῃσῐ / βᾰρείῃσῐν / βᾰρείῃς / βᾰρείαις băreíēisĭ(n) / băreíēis / băreíais |
βᾰρέεσσῐ / βᾰρέεσσῐν / βᾰρέεσῐ / βᾰρέεσῐν / βᾰρέσῐ / βᾰρέσῐν băréessĭ(n) / băréesĭ(n) / bărésĭ(n) | |||||
| Accusative | βᾰρῠ́ν bărŭ́n |
βᾰρεῖᾰν băreîăn |
βᾰρῠ́ bărŭ́ |
βᾰρέε bărée |
βᾰρείᾱ băreíā |
βᾰρέε bărée |
βᾰρέᾰς băréăs |
βᾰρείᾱς băreíās |
βᾰρέᾰ băréă | |||||
| Vocative | βᾰρῠ́ bărŭ́ |
βᾰρεῖᾰ băreîă |
βᾰρῠ́ bărŭ́ |
βᾰρέε bărée |
βᾰρείᾱ băreíā |
βᾰρέε bărée |
βᾰρέες bărées |
βᾰρεῖαι băreîai |
βᾰρέᾰ băréă | |||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| βᾰρέως băréōs |
βᾰρῠ́τερος bărŭ́teros |
βᾰρῠ́τᾰτος bărŭ́tătos | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| |||||||||||||
Derived terms
- βᾰρεῖᾰ (băreîă)
- βάρημα (bárēma)
- βᾰρῠ́νω (bărŭ́nō)
- βᾰρῠ́της (bărŭ́tēs)
- βᾰρῠ́τονος (bărŭ́tonos)
- χαλκοβαρής (khalkobarḗs)
Related terms
- βᾰ́ρος (bắros)
Descendants
- Greek: βαρύς (varýs)
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “βαρύς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 202-3
Further reading
- “βαρύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “βαρύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “βαρύς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- βαρύς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- βαρύς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- βαρύς in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
- “βαρύς”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G926 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- aggravating idem, page 18.
- annoying idem, page 31.
- bass idem, page 64.
- bitter idem, page 80.
- burdensome idem, page 104.
- crushing idem, page 187.
- cumbersome idem, page 189.
- deep idem, page 203.
- dingy idem, page 225.
- disagreeable idem, page 227.
- discomfortable idem, page 230.
- disgusting idem, page 233.
- dismal idem, page 235.
- distasteful idem, page 241.
- distressing idem, page 242.
- dreary idem, page 252.
- dull idem, page 256.
- embarrassing idem, page 266.
- fatiguing idem, page 310.
- galling idem, page 353.
- grave idem, page 371.
- grievous idem, page 373.
- harassing idem, page 385.
- hard idem, page 385.
- harrowing idem, page 387.
- harsh idem, page 387.
- hateful idem, page 388.
- heavy idem, page 393.
- horrid idem, page 406.
- inconvenient idem, page 430.
- inert idem, page 436.
- insufferable idem, page 447.
- intolerable idem, page 454.
- intrusive idem, page 455.
- irksome idem, page 459.
- killing idem, page 469.
- laborious idem, page 472.
- loathsome idem, page 496.
- massive idem, page 516.
- melancholy idem, page 524.
- miserable idem, page 533.
- monotonous idem, page 539.
- mournful idem, page 544.
- muffled idem, page 545.
- nasty idem, page 551.
- noisome idem, page 559.
- objectionable idem, page 565.
- obnoxious idem, page 566.
- odious idem, page 569.
- offensive idem, page 571.
- onerous idem, page 574.
- oppressive idem, page 577.
- painful idem, page 589.
- ponderous idem, page 626.
- repellent idem, page 696.
- repugnant idem, page 699.
- sad idem, page 730.
- sepulchral idem, page 754.
- serious idem, page 754.
- severe idem, page 759.
- shocking idem, page 767.
- sore idem, page 794.
- sorrowful idem, page 795.
- stern idem, page 816.
- strong idem, page 827.
- teasing idem, page 859.
- tedious idem, page 859.
- thankless idem, page 863.
- tiresome idem, page 878.
- tiring idem, page 878.
- toilsome idem, page 880.
- torturing idem, page 884.
- tragic idem, page 886.
- trying idem, page 899.
- unacceptable idem, page 906.
- unbending idem, page 908.
- uncomfortable idem, page 910.
- uncongenial idem, page 910.
- uneasy idem, page 916.
- ungentle idem, page 919.
- ungracious idem, page 919.
- ungrateful idem, page 920.
- unpleasant idem, page 927.
- unsatisfactory idem, page 931.
- vexatious idem, page 950.
- vile idem, page 952.
- wearisome idem, page 970.
- weighty idem, page 973.
- woeful idem, page 986.
- wretched idem, page 993.
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús), from Proto-Hellenic *gʷarus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us.
Adjective
βαρύς • (varýs) m (feminine βαριά or βαρεία, neuter βαρύ)
Declension
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | βαρύς (varýs) | βαρεία (vareía) | βαρύ (varý) | βαρείς (vareís) | βαρείες (vareíes) | βαρέα (varéa) | |
| genitive | βαρέος (varéos) βαρύ (varý) |
βαρείας (vareías) | βαρύ (varý) βαρέος (varéos) |
βαρέων (varéon) | βαρειών (vareión) | βαρέων (varéon) | |
| accusative | βαρύ (varý) | βαρεία (vareía) | βαρύ (varý) | βαρείς (vareís) | βαρείες (vareíes) | βαρέα (varéa) | |
| vocative | βαρύ (varý) | βαρεία (vareía) | βαρύ (varý) | βαρείς (vareís) | βαρείες (vareíes) | βαρέα (varéa) | |
Derivations:
Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο βαρύς, etc.)
Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο βαρύς, etc.)
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | βαρύς (varýs) | βαριά (variá) | βαρύ (varý) | βαριοί (varioí) | βαριές (variés) | βαριά (variá) | |
| genitive | βαριού (varioú) βαρύ (varý) |
βαριάς (variás) | βαριού (varioú) βαρύ (varý) |
βαριών (varión) | βαριών (varión) | βαριών (varión) | |
| accusative | βαρύ (varý) | βαριά (variá) | βαρύ (varý) | βαριούς (varioús) | βαριές (variés) | βαριά (variá) | |
| vocative | βαρύ (varý) | βαριά (variá) | βαρύ (varý) | βαριοί (varioí) | βαριές (variés) | βαριά (variá) | |
Derivations:
Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο βαρύς, etc.)
Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο βαρύς, etc.)
Derivations: relative superlative: ο + comparative forms (eg "ο βαρύτερος", etc)
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Related terms
- and see: βάρος n (város, “weight, mass”)
Further reading
- βαρύς, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language