خون

See also: جون, جوں, چون, and Appendix:Variations of "hun"

Arabic

Root
خ و ن (ḵ w n)
8 terms

Verb

خَوَّنَ • (ḵawwana) II (non-past يُخَوِّنُ (yuḵawwinu), verbal noun تَخْوِين (taḵwīn))

to regard as faithless, to regard as disloyal, to regard as false, to regard as treacherous, to regard as traitorous, to regard as perfidious, to regard as dishonest, to regard as unreliable
to call faithless, to call disloyal, to be false, to be treacherous, to be perfidious, to call false, to call treacherous, to call perfidious, to call dishonest, to call unreliable
to accuse of betrayal, to accuse of disloyalty
to charge with treason, to charge with treachery
to distrust, to mistrust
to two-time

Conjugation

Conjugation of **خَوَّنَ** (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun *تَخْوِين*)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَخْوِين taḵwīn
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُخَوِّن muḵawwin
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُخَوَّن muḵawwan
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خَوَّنْتُ ḵawwantu	خَوَّنْتَ ḵawwanta	خَوَّنَ ḵawwana	خَوَّنْتُمَا ḵawwantumā	خَوَّنَا ḵawwanā	خَوَّنَّا ḵawwannā	خَوَّنْتُمْ ḵawwantum	خَوَّنُوا ḵawwanū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	خَوَّنْتُ ḵawwantu	خَوَّنْتِ ḵawwanti	خَوَّنَتْ ḵawwanat	خَوَّنْتُمَا ḵawwantumā	خَوَّنَتَا ḵawwanatā	خَوَّنَّا ḵawwannā	خَوَّنْتُنَّ ḵawwantunna	خَوَّنَّ ḵawwanna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُخَوِّنُ ʔuḵawwinu	تُخَوِّنُ tuḵawwinu	يُخَوِّنُ yuḵawwinu	تُخَوِّنَانِ tuḵawwināni	يُخَوِّنَانِ yuḵawwināni	نُخَوِّنُ nuḵawwinu	تُخَوِّنُونَ tuḵawwinūna	يُخَوِّنُونَ yuḵawwinūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُخَوِّنُ ʔuḵawwinu	تُخَوِّنِينَ tuḵawwinīna	تُخَوِّنُ tuḵawwinu	تُخَوِّنَانِ tuḵawwināni	تُخَوِّنَانِ tuḵawwināni	نُخَوِّنُ nuḵawwinu	تُخَوِّنَّ tuḵawwinna	يُخَوِّنَّ yuḵawwinna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُخَوِّنَ ʔuḵawwina	تُخَوِّنَ tuḵawwina	يُخَوِّنَ yuḵawwina	تُخَوِّنَا tuḵawwinā	يُخَوِّنَا yuḵawwinā	نُخَوِّنَ nuḵawwina	تُخَوِّنُوا tuḵawwinū	يُخَوِّنُوا yuḵawwinū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُخَوِّنَ ʔuḵawwina	تُخَوِّنِي tuḵawwinī	تُخَوِّنَ tuḵawwina	تُخَوِّنَا tuḵawwinā	تُخَوِّنَا tuḵawwinā	نُخَوِّنَ nuḵawwina	تُخَوِّنَّ tuḵawwinna	يُخَوِّنَّ yuḵawwinna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُخَوِّنْ ʔuḵawwin	تُخَوِّنْ tuḵawwin	يُخَوِّنْ yuḵawwin	تُخَوِّنَا tuḵawwinā	يُخَوِّنَا yuḵawwinā	نُخَوِّنْ nuḵawwin	تُخَوِّنُوا tuḵawwinū	يُخَوِّنُوا yuḵawwinū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُخَوِّنْ ʔuḵawwin	تُخَوِّنِي tuḵawwinī	تُخَوِّنْ tuḵawwin	تُخَوِّنَا tuḵawwinā	تُخَوِّنَا tuḵawwinā	نُخَوِّنْ nuḵawwin	تُخَوِّنَّ tuḵawwinna	يُخَوِّنَّ yuḵawwinna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		خَوِّنْ ḵawwin		خَوِّنَا ḵawwinā			خَوِّنُوا ḵawwinū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		خَوِّنِي ḵawwinī		خَوِّنَا ḵawwinā			خَوِّنَّ ḵawwinna

passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خُوِّنْتُ ḵuwwintu	خُوِّنْتَ ḵuwwinta	خُوِّنَ ḵuwwina	خُوِّنْتُمَا ḵuwwintumā	خُوِّنَا ḵuwwinā	خُوِّنَّا ḵuwwinnā	خُوِّنْتُمْ ḵuwwintum	خُوِّنُوا ḵuwwinū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	خُوِّنْتُ ḵuwwintu	خُوِّنْتِ ḵuwwinti	خُوِّنَتْ ḵuwwinat	خُوِّنْتُمَا ḵuwwintumā	خُوِّنَتَا ḵuwwinatā	خُوِّنَّا ḵuwwinnā	خُوِّنْتُنَّ ḵuwwintunna	خُوِّنَّ ḵuwwinna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُخَوَّنُ ʔuḵawwanu	تُخَوَّنُ tuḵawwanu	يُخَوَّنُ yuḵawwanu	تُخَوَّنَانِ tuḵawwanāni	يُخَوَّنَانِ yuḵawwanāni	نُخَوَّنُ nuḵawwanu	تُخَوَّنُونَ tuḵawwanūna	يُخَوَّنُونَ yuḵawwanūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُخَوَّنُ ʔuḵawwanu	تُخَوَّنِينَ tuḵawwanīna	تُخَوَّنُ tuḵawwanu	تُخَوَّنَانِ tuḵawwanāni	تُخَوَّنَانِ tuḵawwanāni	نُخَوَّنُ nuḵawwanu	تُخَوَّنَّ tuḵawwanna	يُخَوَّنَّ yuḵawwanna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُخَوَّنَ ʔuḵawwana	تُخَوَّنَ tuḵawwana	يُخَوَّنَ yuḵawwana	تُخَوَّنَا tuḵawwanā	يُخَوَّنَا yuḵawwanā	نُخَوَّنَ nuḵawwana	تُخَوَّنُوا tuḵawwanū	يُخَوَّنُوا yuḵawwanū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُخَوَّنَ ʔuḵawwana	تُخَوَّنِي tuḵawwanī	تُخَوَّنَ tuḵawwana	تُخَوَّنَا tuḵawwanā	تُخَوَّنَا tuḵawwanā	نُخَوَّنَ nuḵawwana	تُخَوَّنَّ tuḵawwanna	يُخَوَّنَّ yuḵawwanna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُخَوَّنْ ʔuḵawwan	تُخَوَّنْ tuḵawwan	يُخَوَّنْ yuḵawwan	تُخَوَّنَا tuḵawwanā	يُخَوَّنَا yuḵawwanā	نُخَوَّنْ nuḵawwan	تُخَوَّنُوا tuḵawwanū	يُخَوَّنُوا yuḵawwanū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُخَوَّنْ ʔuḵawwan	تُخَوَّنِي tuḵawwanī	تُخَوَّنْ tuḵawwan	تُخَوَّنَا tuḵawwanā	تُخَوَّنَا tuḵawwanā	نُخَوَّنْ nuḵawwan	تُخَوَّنَّ tuḵawwanna	يُخَوَّنَّ yuḵawwanna

Noun

خَوْن • (ḵawn) m

verbal noun of خَانَ (ḵāna) (form I)
being disloyal, being faithless, being false, being treacherous, being perfidious
acting disloyally, acting treacherously, acting perfidiously
betraying
cheating, duping, hoodwinking
forsaking, deserting, letting down
failing, breaking (a promise)

Declension

Declension of noun **خَوْن** (ḵawn)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	خَوْن ḵawn	الْخَوْن al-ḵawn	خَوْن ḵawn
nominative	خَوْنٌ ḵawnun	الْخَوْنُ al-ḵawnu	خَوْنُ ḵawnu
accusative	خَوْنًا ḵawnan	الْخَوْنَ al-ḵawna	خَوْنَ ḵawna
genitive	خَوْنٍ ḵawnin	الْخَوْنِ al-ḵawni	خَوْنِ ḵawni

References

Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “خون”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen

Persian

Alternative forms

خین (xin) (dialectal, Bushehr, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan)

Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭣𐭬𐭩𐭠 (dmyʾ /⁠xōn⁠/), also 𐫑𐫇𐫗 (k̇wn /⁠xōn⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *wahūnī.

Cognate with Bakhtiari (xīn), Northern Luri (xi), Baluchi (hūn), Northern Kurdish xwîn, Central Kurdish خوێن (xwên), Southern Kurdish خۊن (xün) or خوین (xuyn), Zazaki gonî, Gurani ۋنی (ʋinī) or هوون (hūn), Parthian 𐭂𐭅𐭇𐭍 (gwḥn /⁠gōxn⁠/), Sivandi فین (fīn), Harzani and Karingani وون (vūn), Sogdian [script needed] (γwrn /⁠xurn⁠/) or [script needed] (wγrn /⁠wuxrn, uxarn⁠/), Yagnobi вахм (vaxm), Pashto وینه (wina) and Avestan 𐬬𐬊𐬵𐬎𐬥𐬀 (vohuna).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈxuːn/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xuːn]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [xuːn]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [xun]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [xuːn]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [χun]

Readings
Classical reading^?	xūn
Dari reading^?	xūn
Iranian reading^?	xun
Tajik reading^?	xun

Audio (Iran): (file)

Noun


Iranian Persian	خون
Dari	خون
Tajik	хун

خون • (xun)

blood

Related terms

Descendants

Judeo-Tat: xun
Tajik: хун (xun)
→ Azerbaijani: xun
→ Bengali: খুন (khun)
→ Middle Hindi: خون (xvn /⁠xūn⁠/)
- Hindustani:
  Hindi: ख़ून (xūn)
  
  Urdu: خُون (xūn)
→ Maithili: khūn
Devanagari script: खून

Tirhuta script: 𑒐𑒴𑒢
→ Punjabi: xūn
- Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ੂਨ
- Shahmukhi script: خُون

References

Bläsing, Uwe (1997) “Irano-Turcica: Westiranisches Wortgut im türkeitürkischen Dialektmaterial”, in Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia‎^[2] (in German), number 2, § 37, pages 102–103
Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎^[3], Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, pages 33, 93
Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 511, page 113
Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1171–1172

Urdu

Alternative forms

خُوں (xū̃) (poetic)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Iranian *wahūnīder.

Classical Persian (xūn)bor.

Urdu خُون (xūn)

Borrowed from Classical Persian (xūn). First attested in c. 1564 as Middle Hindi خون (xvn /⁠xūn⁠/).^[1]

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /xuːn/
Audio (India): (file)
Hyphenation: خُون
Rhymes: -uːn

Noun

خُون • (xūn) m (Hindi spelling ख़ून)

blood
Synonyms: لَہُو (lahū), رَکْت (rakt)
murder, killing
Synonym: قَتْل (qatl)
(figurative) relationship
family; progeny
(loosely) blame, sin (of a crime)

Declension

Declension of **خون**
	singular	plural
direct	خُون (xūn)	خُون (xūn)
oblique	خُون (xūn)	خُونوں (xūnõ)
vocative	خُون (xūn)	خُونو (xūno)

Derived terms

خُون دینا (xūn denā, “to give blood”)
خُون کَرْنا (xūn karnā, “to murder”)
خُونی (xūnī, “murderer; bloody”)

References

^ “خون”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.

Arabic

Verb

Conjugation

Noun

Declension

References

Persian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Related terms

Descendants

References

Urdu

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

References

Further reading