U+4F57, 佗
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F57

[U+4F56]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4F58]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人十心 (OJP), four-corner 23211, composition )

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 98, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 513
  • Dae Jaweon: page 208, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 139, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4F57

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts


References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l̥ʰaːl, *l'aːl): semantic (human) + phonetic (OC *l̥ʰaːl).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (7)
Final () (94)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter da
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/dɑ/
Pan
Wuyun
/dɑ/
Shao
Rongfen
/dɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/da/
Li
Rong
/dɑ/
Wang
Li
/dɑ/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/dʱɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
tuó
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
to4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 12224
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*l'aːl/

Definitions

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of (tuó, “to carry on one's back”).

Compounds

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (6)
Final () (94)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter tha
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/tʰɑ/
Pan
Wuyun
/tʰɑ/
Shao
Rongfen
/tʰɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/tʰa/
Li
Rong
/tʰɑ/
Wang
Li
/tʰɑ/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/tʰɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
tuō
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
to1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
tuō
Middle
Chinese
‹ tha ›
Old
Chinese
/*l̥ˁaj/
English other

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 12208
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*l̥ʰaːl/

Definitions

  1. obsolete form of
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of
  3. a surname

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.
alternative forms

Probably from (Yang, 2002):

  • taita (→ taʔ);
  • tueto (→ toʔ).

For Zhangzhou Hokkien, from an ellipsis of 佗落 (tah-lo).

Pronunciation 1


Definitions

  1. (Hokkien) which
    一個一个 [Hokkien]  ―  -chi̍t-ê [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  which one
    [Hokkien]  ―  chi̍t khoán [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  which kind
    [Hokkien]  ―  chi̍t tè [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  which piece
    [Hokkien]  ―  chi̍t hāng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  which item or matter
    [Hokkien]  ―  chi̍t keng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  which room or place
    [Hokkien]  ―  chi̍t tah [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  which place
    [Hokkien, trad.]
    [Hokkien, simp.]
    nn̄g niá saⁿ sī lí--ê? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    Which two articles of clothing are yours?
Synonyms

Pronunciation 2


Definitions

  1. (Hokkien) where
Synonyms

Compounds

Etymology 4

simp. and trad.
alternative forms

Pronunciation

Definitions

  1. (Taiwanese Hokkien) contraction of 佗位 (tó-ūi, where)

Etymology 5

simp. and trad.

Pronunciation


Definitions

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to add; to impute

Etymology 6

simp. and trad.

Pronunciation


Definitions

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of  / (load carried on the back of an animal)

Etymology 7

simp. and trad.
alternative forms

Pronunciation


Definitions

  1. only used in 委佗, alternative form of 委蛇 (wēiyí)

Etymology 8

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“hunchbacked”).
(This character is an obsolete form of ).

References

Japanese

Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

  • On (unclassified): (ta)
  • Kun: ほか (hoka, )わびる (wabiru, 佗びる)

Korean

Hanja

(eum (ta))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: đà

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References