彷徨
See also: 徬徨
Chinese
| phonetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (彷徨) |
彷 | 徨 | |
| alternative forms | 旁皇 傍偟 徬徨 房皇 仿偟 | ||
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: pánghuáng
- Zhuyin: ㄆㄤˊ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: pánghuáng
- Wade–Giles: pʻang2-huang2
- Yale: páng-hwáng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: parnghwang
- Palladius: панхуан (panxuan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰɑŋ³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: pong4 wong4
- Yale: pòhng wòhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: pong4 wong4
- Guangdong Romanization: pong4 wong4
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰɔːŋ²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: pang5 huang5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phâng huâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Teochew)
- Middle Chinese: bang hwang
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤaŋ [ɢ]ʷˤaŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*baːŋ ɡʷaːŋ/
Verb
彷徨
- to walk back and forth; to roam around
- 彷徨乎無為其側，逍遙乎寢臥其下？ [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
- Pánghuáng hū wú wéi qí cè, xiāoyáo hū qǐnwò qí xià? [Pinyin]
- […] There you might saunter idly by its side, or in the enjoyment of untroubled ease sleep beneath it.
彷徨乎无为其侧，逍遥乎寝卧其下？ [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- (figurative) to hesitate; to be irresolute; to be indecisive; to pause
- (literary, of wind) to revolve; to go round; to spiral
Synonyms
- (to walk back and forth):
- (to hesitate):
- 反顧 / 反顾 (fǎngù) (literary)
- 彳亍 (chìchù) (literary, figurative)
- 徘徊 (figurative)
- 拿不定主意 (nábùdìng zhǔyì)
- 游移 (yóuyí)
- 猶疑 / 犹疑 (yóuyí)
- 猶豫 / 犹豫 (yóuyù)
- 疑蟯 / 疑蛲 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 盤桓 / 盘桓 (pánhuán) (figurative)
- 膩 / 腻 (nyi4) (Sichuanese)
- 踟躇 (chíchú)
- 踟躕 / 踟蹰 (chíchú)
- 躊躇 / 踌躇 (chóuchú)
- 巡巡 (xúnxún) (literary)
- 逡巡 (qūnxún) (literary)
- 遲疑 / 迟疑 (chíyí)
Derived terms
- 彷徨四顧 / 彷徨四顾
- 彷徨失措
- 彷徨歧途
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 彷 | 徨 |
| ほう Hyōgai |
こう Hyōgai |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
Verb
彷徨する • (hōkō suru) intransitive suru (stem 彷徨し (hōkō shi), past 彷徨した (hōkō shita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "彷徨する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 彷徨し | ほうこうし | hōkō shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 彷徨し | ほうこうし | hōkō shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 彷徨する | ほうこうする | hōkō suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 彷徨する | ほうこうする | hōkō suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 彷徨すれ | ほうこうすれ | hōkō sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 彷徨せよ¹ 彷徨しろ² |
ほうこうせよ¹ ほうこうしろ² |
hōkō seyo¹ hōkō shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 彷徨される | ほうこうされる | hōkō sareru | |
| Causative | 彷徨させる 彷徨さす |
ほうこうさせる ほうこうさす |
hōkō saseru hōkō sasu | |
| Potential | 彷徨できる | ほうこうできる | hōkō dekiru | |
| Volitional | 彷徨しよう | ほうこうしよう | hōkō shiyō | |
| Negative | 彷徨しない | ほうこうしない | hōkō shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 彷徨せず | ほうこうせず | hōkō sezu | |
| Formal | 彷徨します | ほうこうします | hōkō shimasu | |
| Perfective | 彷徨した | ほうこうした | hōkō shita | |
| Conjunctive | 彷徨して | ほうこうして | hōkō shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 彷徨すれば | ほうこうすれば | hōkō sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
See also
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 彷 | 徨 |
Noun
彷徨 • (banghwang) (hangeul 방황)
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 彷 | 徨 |
Adjective
彷徨
- chữ Hán form of bàng hoàng (“stunned; stupefied; dumbfounded”)