永久凍土

Chinese

		permanent; long-lasting; eternal	frozen soil; gelisol
trad. (永久凍土)		永久	凍土
simp. (永久冻土)		永久	冻土

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǒngjiǔ dòngtǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄥˇ ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wing⁵ gau² dung³ tou²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǒngjiǔ dòngtǔ [Phonetic: yóngjiǔdòngtǔ]
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˇ ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǒngjiǒu dòngtǔ
  - Wade–Giles: yung³-chiu³ tung⁴-tʻu³
  - Yale: yǔng-jyǒu dùng-tǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeongjeou donqtuu
  - Palladius: юнцзю дунту (junczju duntu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵¹ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: wing⁵ gau² dung³ tou²
  - Yale: wíhng gáu dung tóu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wing⁵ gau² dung³ tou²
  - Guangdong Romanization: wing⁵ geo² dung³ tou²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɪŋ¹³ kɐu̯³⁵ tʊŋ³³ tʰou̯³⁵/

Noun

永久凍土

permafrost

Japanese

Kanji in this term
永	久	凍	土
えい Grade: 5	きゅう Grade: 5	とう Grade: S	ど Grade: 1
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) えーきゅうとーど [èékyúútóꜜòdò] (Nakadaka – [5])^[1]
IPA^(key): [e̞ːkʲɨːto̞ːdo̞]

Noun

永(えい)久(きゅう)凍(とう)土(ど) • (eikyūtōdo)

permafrost

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN