燃

燃	U+71C3, 燃 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-71C3

← 燂
[U+71C2]

CJK Unified Ideographs

燄 →
[U+71C4]

Translingual

Han character

燃 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 火月大火 (FBKF), four-corner 9383₃, composition ⿰火然)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 682, character 7
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19394
Dae Jaweon: page 1094, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2235, character 11
Unihan data for U+71C3

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (肰) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
嘫	*rneːn
然	*njen
肰	*njen
繎	njon, njen
燃	*njen
蹨	njenʔ, neːnʔ
橪	njenʔ, ʔneːn
撚	*neːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *njen): semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 然 (OC *njen) – burn with fire. Originally 然 (OC *njen), but because it was phonetically borrowed for abstract senses, 火 (huǒ) was added for differentiation.

Etymology

Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Jingpho nan (“to light”), shanan (“torch”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

trad.		燃
simp. ^#		燃
2nd round simp.		𤆂
alternative forms		然㸐／𬊾

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): rán (ran²)

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄢˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ran²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jin⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ngen³
Gan (Wiktionary): len⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yèn / yàn

(Hailu, HRS): rhan

(Meixian, Guangdong): yan²
Jin (Wiktionary): ran¹ / ran²
Northern Min (KCR): ǐng
Eastern Min (BUC): iòng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zeng²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): liân / jiân

(Teochew, Peng'im): riang⁵ / riêng⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zoe
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): yenn²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rán
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rán
  - Wade–Giles: jan²
  - Yale: rán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ran
  - Palladius: жань (žanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐän³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ran²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: rhan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /zan²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jin⁴
  - Yale: yìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ngen³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡen²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: len⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɛn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèn
  - Hakka Romanization System: ien^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan²
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan²
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: rhan
  - Sinological IPA: /ʒan⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yan²
  - Sinological IPA: /ian¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ran¹ / ran²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʐæ̃¹¹/, /ʐæ̃⁵³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǐng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: iòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yoŋ⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Jiangkou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zeng²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: céng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zeng²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛŋ²⁴/
- (Nanri)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zeng²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡se̞ŋ¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liân
  - Tâi-lô: liân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lieen
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /liɛn²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiân
  - Tâi-lô: jiân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jieen
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziɛn²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziɛn¹³/

Note: literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: riang⁵ / riêng⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jiâng / jiêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/, /d͡zieŋ⁵⁵/

Note: literary (riêng5 - Chaozhou).

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zoe
  - MiniDict: zoe^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zoe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zø²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: yenn²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y̯ẽ¹³/

Middle Chinese: nyen

Rime
Character	燃
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	如延切
Baxter	nyen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵian/
Li Rong	/ȵiɛn/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭɛn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.na[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*njen/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	燃
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rán
Middle Chinese	‹ nyen ›
Old Chinese	/*C.na[n]/
English	burn
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	燃
Reading #	1/1
No.	10759
Phonetic component	肰
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	然
Old Chinese	/*njen/
Notes	俗然字，轉註

Definitions

燃

to burn; to be alight
to ignite; to light
to spark off (hopes); to start (debate); to raise (hopes)
(neologism, slang) lit; awesome; cool; uplifting
(neologism, slang) pumped up; hyper; stoked

Synonyms

(to burn): 焚燒／焚烧 (fénshāo)
(to ignite):

edit

放
炳 (bǐng) (literary)
發火 / 发火 (fāhuǒ)
點燃 / 点燃 (diǎnrán)
點著 / 点着 (diǎnzháo)

Compounds

內燃機 / 内燃机 (nèiránjī)
助燃
可燃性 (kěránxìng)
可燃物 (kěránwù)
外燃機 / 外燃机
完全燃燒 / 完全燃烧
引燃 (yǐnrán)
斷臂燃身 / 断臂燃身
核子燃料
核燃料 (héránliào)
死灰復燃 / 死灰复燃 (sǐhuīfùrán)
沈燃
洞燃
淨化燃煤 / 净化燃煤
煮豆燃萁 (zhǔdòuránqí)
燃指
燃放 (ránfàng)
燃料 (ránliào)
燃料油 (ránliàoyóu)
燃料礦物 / 燃料矿物
燃氣輪機 / 燃气轮机
燃火
燃灰
燃灼
燃燒 / 燃烧 (ránshāo)
燔燃
燃燈佛 / 燃灯佛
燃燒彈 / 燃烧弹 (ránshāodàn)
燃犀
燃犀溫嶠 / 燃犀温峤
燃眉
燃眉之急 (ránméizhījí)
燃石
燃糠
燃糠照薪
燃糠自照
燃肉身燈 / 燃肉身灯
燃膏繼晷 / 燃膏继晷 (rángāojìguǐ)
燃臍 / 燃脐
燃萁之敏
燃萁煮豆
燃萁煎豆
燃藜
燃頂 / 燃顶
燃點 / 燃点 (rándiǎn)
燃鼎
燼燃 / 烬燃
犀燃
犀燃燭照 / 犀燃烛照
臍燃 / 脐燃
自燃 (zìrán)
豆萁燃豆
點燃 / 点燃 (diǎnrán)

Pronunciation 2

trad.		燃
simp. ^#		燃
alternative forms		焚 Hokkien 炾 Hokkien; Teochew 煆 Teochew; Hainanese

Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): nyor² / ngoe² / ngua² / nya² / nia²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hiâⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): hian⁵

Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: nyor²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: nió̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nyɒ¹³/
- (Jiangkou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ngoe²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋœ¹³/
- (Nanri)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ngua²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋua¹³/
- (Xianyou, Youyang)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: nya²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nya²⁴/
- (Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: nia²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nia²⁴/

Note: vernacular.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiâⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: hiânn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hviaa
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hiã²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiã²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiã¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiã²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiã²³/

Note: hiâⁿ - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hian⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiâⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hĩã⁵⁵/

Note: vernacular.

Middle Chinese: nyen

Rime
Character	燃
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	如延切
Baxter	nyen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵian/
Li Rong	/ȵiɛn/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭɛn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.na[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*njen/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	燃
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rán
Middle Chinese	‹ nyen ›
Old Chinese	/*C.na[n]/
English	burn
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	燃
Reading #	1/1
No.	10759
Phonetic component	肰
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	然
Old Chinese	/*njen/
Notes	俗然字，轉註

Definitions

燃

(Hokkien, Teochew, Hainanese) to burn (wood, coal, etc.)
(Hokkien, Teochew) to heat up; to boil (a liquid)
燃水 [Hokkien] ― hiâⁿ-chúi [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to heat up water; to boil water

References

“燃”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “燃”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 215.

Japanese

Kanji

燃

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

Burn, blaze, glow

Readings

Go-on: ねん (nen, Jōyō)
Kan-on: ぜん (zen)
Kun: もえる (moeru, 燃える, Jōyō)^{←もゆ (moyu, 燃ゆ, historical)}、もす (mosu, 燃す, Jōyō)、もやす (moyasu, 燃やす, Jōyō)

Korean

Hanja

燃 (eumhun 탈 연 (tal yeon))

hanja form^? of 연 (“burn, light fire, ignite”)

Vietnamese

Han character

燃: Hán Nôm readings: nhiên, nhen

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