𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰

Old Uyghur

Orthographic variants
Uyghur script 𐽲𐽾𐽰 (qrʾ /⁠ḳara⁠/)
𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽾𐽰 (q̈ʾrʾ /⁠ḳara⁠/)
𐽲𐾄𐽾𐽰 (q̈rʾ /⁠ḳara⁠/)
Orkhon script 𐰴𐰺𐰀 (qr¹a /⁠ḳara⁠/)
Sogdian script 𐼲𐽀𐼰 (xrʾ /⁠ḳara, ḥara⁠/)
Syriac script ܥܐܪܐ (ʿʾrʾ /⁠ḥara⁠/)
Brahmi script 𑀓𑀭𑀸 (karā /⁠ḳarā⁠/)
𑀓𑀭𑁆𑀭𑀸 (karrā /⁠ḳarā⁠/)
𑀳𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸 (hkārā /⁠ḳʰārā⁠/)
𑀓𑀭𑀸 (karā /⁠ḳara⁠/)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”). Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰴𐰺𐰀 (qr¹a /⁠qara⁠/) and Karakhanid قَرا (qara).

Perhaps related to Khitan 黑 (kara, “west”). Colors indicated directions in Old Turkic.

Adjective

𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 (qʾrʾ /ḳara/)

  1. black, swarthy, dark
  2. (sociology) common and vulgar, plebeian
    • c. between 753 and 756, Ḥoyt-Tamïr Inscription 6.Б.3 (line 3):[1][2]
      𐰋𐱂 […] 𐰆𐰖𐰴𐰺𐰀𐰉𐱂𐰍:𐰖𐰖𐰞𐱃𐰢
      b²š […] uy¹qr¹ab¹šǧ:y¹y¹l¹t¹m
      /Beš […] uy ḳarabašïġ yaylatïm. […] /
      [I] have sent five […] obedient? slaves[3] into exile.
    1. (by extension) simple, basic
      Synonyms: 𐽷𐽶𐽺𐽷 (kynk /⁠keŋ⁠/), 𐽰𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽰𐽶 (ʾwnkʾy /⁠oŋay⁠/), 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽴 (twyz /⁠tüz⁠/), 𐽰𐽳𐽽𐽳𐽴 (ʾwcwz /⁠učuz⁠/)
  3. (in compounds) west
    Synonyms: 𐽷𐽶𐽸𐽶𐽺 (kydyn /⁠kedin⁠/), 𐽷𐽶𐽾𐽳 (kyrw /⁠kärü⁠/), 𐽲𐽳𐽾𐽶 (qwry /⁠ḳurï⁠/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺 𐽼𐽰𐾀𐽻𐽶𐽲 (kwyn pʾtsyq /⁠kün batsïġ⁠/), 𐽰𐽳𐽺𐽷𐾀𐽳𐽺 (ʾwnktwn /⁠oŋtun⁠/)

Compound terms

  • 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽳𐽿 (qʾrʾkwš /⁠ḳaraḳuš⁠/, “vulture”)
  • 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽼𐽰𐽿 (qʾrʾpʾš /⁠ḳarabaš⁠/, “slave”, literally “common-head”)
  • 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽺𐽷 (qʾrʾcʾnk /⁠Ḳaračaŋ⁠/, “Yunnan”, literally “Western-Xiang”) (province of China)

Derived terms

  • 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽲𐽳 (qʾrʾqw /⁠ḳaraġu⁠/, “blind”)
  • 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽳 (qʾrʾnkqw /⁠ḳaraŋġu⁠/, “darkness, dark (of colors)”)
  • 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽶𐽲 (qʾrʾnlyq /⁠ḳaranlïġ⁠/, “darkness”)
  • 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽽𐽳 (qʾrʾcw /⁠ḳaraču⁠/, “people, population”) (re-borrowing from Mongolic)
  • 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽲 (qʾrʾrtmʾq /⁠ḳarartmaḳ⁠/, “to blacken, to dim, to make worthless”)

Descendants

  • →? Sogdian: 𐼶𐽀𐼰𐼴𐼻𐼷 (xrʾwny /⁠xarūnē⁠/, “adultery”)
  • Western Yugur: ɢara (qara)

Proper noun

𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 (qʾrʾ /Ḳara/)

  1. a unisex given name
    𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 𐽰𐽰𐽺 (female) ― qʾrʾ ʾʾn /Ḳara An/
    𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽳𐽾 (male) ― qʾrʾ pʾqʾtwr /Ḳara Baġatur/
    𐽲𐽾𐽰 𐽲𐽳𐽽𐽰 (male) ― qrʾ qwcʾ /Ḳara Ḥoča/
    𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 𐽰𐽶𐽺𐽰𐾁 (male) ― qʾrʾ ʾynʾl /Ḳara Ïnal/
    𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 𐽺𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽶 (male) ― qʾrʾ nwqwy /Ḳara Noḥoi/
    𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 𐽿𐽰𐽼𐽶 (male) ― qʾrʾ šʾpy /Ḳara Šabi/
    𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 𐽿𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽲𐽰 (male) ― qʾrʾ šʾwyqʾ /Ḳara Šauiḥa/
    𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 𐾀𐽷𐽳𐽺 (male) ― qʾrʾ tkwn /Ḳara Tägün/
    𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 𐾀𐽰𐽹𐽶𐽾 (male) ― qʾrʾ tʾmyr /Ḳara Tämir/
    𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽰 (male) ― qʾrʾ twnkʾ /Ḳara Toŋa/

See also

Colors in Old Uyghur · 𐽼𐽳𐽸𐽳𐽲 (pwdwq /⁠boduġ⁠/), 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwynk /⁠öŋ⁠/) (layout · text)
     𐽰𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾq /⁠aḳ⁠/), 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ywrwnk /⁠yürüŋ⁠/)      𐽼𐽳𐽴 (pwz /⁠boz⁠/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /⁠kök⁠/)      𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 (qʾrʾ /⁠ḳara⁠/)
             𐽰𐽰𐾁 (ʾʾl /⁠al⁠/), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (qyzyl /⁠ḳïzïl⁠/)              𐽰𐽰𐽾 (ʾʾr /⁠ar⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴 (yʾqyz /⁠yaġïz⁠/)              𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (sʾryq /⁠sarïġ⁠/)
                          𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /⁠kök⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 (yʾšyl /⁠yašïl⁠/)             
             𐽽𐽰𐽽 (cʾc /⁠čač⁠/)              𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /⁠kök⁠/)              𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽿 (kwykwš /⁠köküš⁠/), 𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀 (rzʾβrt /⁠razavart⁠/)
             𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (yypkyn /⁠yipgin⁠/)                           𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (qyzqʾn /⁠ḳïzġan⁠/), 𐽻𐽰𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (sʾzqʾn /⁠sazġan⁠/)

References

  1. ^ https://bitig.kz/show_big.php?fn=sizes/2458.jpg
  2. ^ https://bitig.kz/show_big.php?fn=copies/427.gif
  3. ^ Literally, “common-heads”, i.e. 'worthless people.' See 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽼𐽰𐽿 (qʾrʾpʾš /⁠ḳarabaš⁠/) under compound terms below.
  • Аззаяа, Батсайханы (2006) “Тайхар Чулууны Руни Бичээс”, in Acta Historica Mongolici (in Mongolian), volume 8, number 9, page 74
  • Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “ḳara”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 167
  • Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) kara ~ k(a)ra”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, pages 333-334
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