Reconstruction:Latin/cumbo
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *kumbō, from a nasal infix present *ḱu-né-b-ti, *ḱu-m-b-énti of Proto-Indo-European *ḱewb- (“to lie down”). Cognate with Proto-Italic *kubāō (“to lie down”), as well as Proto-Celtic *kuxsketi (“to sleep”).[1]
Attested only in prefixed verbs.
Verb
*cumbō (present infinitive *cumbere, perfect active *cubuī, supine *cubitum); third conjugation
Conjugation
Conjugation of *cumbō (third conjugation)
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
| active | present | *cumbō | *cumbis | *cumbit | *cumbimus | *cumbitis | *cumbunt | ||||||
| imperfect | *cumbēbam | *cumbēbās | *cumbēbat | *cumbēbāmus | *cumbēbātis | *cumbēbant | |||||||
| future | *cumbam | *cumbēs | *cumbet | *cumbēmus | *cumbētis | *cumbent | |||||||
| perfect | *cubuī | *cubuistī | *cubuit | *cubuimus | *cubuistis | *cubuērunt, *cubuēre | |||||||
| pluperfect | *cubueram | *cubuerās | *cubuerat | *cubuerāmus | *cubuerātis | *cubuerant | |||||||
| future perfect | *cubuerō | *cubueris | *cubuerit | *cubuerimus | *cubueritis | *cubuerint | |||||||
| passive | present | *cumbor | *cumberis, *cumbere |
*cumbitur | *cumbimur | *cumbiminī | *cumbuntur | ||||||
| imperfect | *cumbēbar | *cumbēbāris, *cumbēbāre |
*cumbēbātur | *cumbēbāmur | *cumbēbāminī | *cumbēbantur | |||||||
| future | *cumbar | *cumbēris, *cumbēre |
*cumbētur | *cumbēmur | *cumbēminī | *cumbentur | |||||||
| perfect | *cubitus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||||||||
| pluperfect | *cubitus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||||||||
| future perfect | *cubitus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
| active | present | *cumbam | *cumbās | *cumbat | *cumbāmus | *cumbātis | *cumbant | ||||||
| imperfect | *cumberem | *cumberēs | *cumberet | *cumberēmus | *cumberētis | *cumberent | |||||||
| perfect | *cubuerim | *cubuerīs | *cubuerit | *cubuerīmus | *cubuerītis | *cubuerint | |||||||
| pluperfect | *cubuissem | *cubuissēs | *cubuisset | *cubuissēmus | *cubuissētis | *cubuissent | |||||||
| passive | present | *cumbar | *cumbāris, *cumbāre |
*cumbātur | *cumbāmur | *cumbāminī | *cumbantur | ||||||
| imperfect | *cumberer | *cumberēris, *cumberēre |
*cumberētur | *cumberēmur | *cumberēminī | *cumberentur | |||||||
| perfect | *cubitus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||||||||
| pluperfect | *cubitus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
| active | present | — | *cumbe | — | — | *cumbite | — | ||||||
| future | — | *cumbitō | *cumbitō | — | *cumbitōte | *cumbuntō | |||||||
| passive | present | — | *cumbere | — | — | *cumbiminī | — | ||||||
| future | — | *cumbitor | *cumbitor | — | — | *cumbuntor | |||||||
| non-finite forms | infinitive | participle | |||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||
| present | *cumbere | *cumbī | *cumbēns | — | |||||||||
| future | *cubitūrum esse | *cubitum īrī | *cubitūrus | *cumbendus, *cumbundus | |||||||||
| perfect | *cubuisse | *cubitum esse | — | *cubitus | |||||||||
| future perfect | — | *cubitum fore | — | — | |||||||||
| perfect potential | *cubitūrum fuisse | — | — | — | |||||||||
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||||||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||||||||
| *cumbendī | *cumbendō | *cumbendum | *cumbendō | *cubitum | *cubitū | ||||||||
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
- →⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌼𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (anakumbjan)
References
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “-cumbō, -ere; cubō, -āre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 152