Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kladiwos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From *kladeti (“to stab, dig”) +‎ *-wos.^[1]

Noun

*kladiwos m

sword

Declension

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kladiwos	*kladiwou	*kladiwoi
vocative	*kladiwe	*kladiwou	*kladiwoi
accusative	*kladiwom	*kladiwou	*kladiwons
genitive	*kladiwī	*kladiwous	*kladiwom
dative	*kladiwūi	*kladiwobom	*kladiwobos
locative	*kladiwei	*?	*?
instrumental	*kladiwū	*kladiwobim	*kladiwūis

Descendants

Goidelic:
- Old Irish: claideb
  - Middle Irish: claidem
    - Irish: claíomh, claidheamh
    - Manx: cliwe
    - Scottish Gaelic: claidheamh
- → Proto-Brythonic: *klėðɨβ̃
  - Middle Breton: clezeff
    - Breton: klezeñv, kleze
  - Middle Cornish: clethe
    - Cornish: kledha
  - Middle Welsh: cledyf
    - Welsh: cleddyf, cleddydd
Gaulish: *kladyos
- → Latin: gladius (see there for further descendants)
→ Proto-Slavic: *kladivo
- Czech: kladivo
- Serbo-Croatian: kladivo
- Slovak: kladivo
- Slovene: kladivo

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 205

[1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 205

[1]