Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/trougokaros
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From *trougos (“miserable, pitiful”) + *karos (“loving”), literally “loving the pitiful”.
Adjective
*trougokaros
Inflection
| O/ā-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *trougokaros | *trougokarou | *trougokaroi |
| vocative | *trougokare | *trougokarou | *trougokaroi |
| accusative | *trougokarom | *trougokarou | *trougokarons |
| genitive | *trougokarī | *trougokarous | *trougokarom |
| dative | *trougokarūi | *trougokarobom | *trougokarobos |
| instrumental | *trougokarū | *trougokarobim | *trougokarobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *trougokarā | *trougokarai | *trougokarās |
| vocative | *trougokarā | *trougokarai | *trougokarās |
| accusative | *trougokaram | *trougokarai | *trougokarans |
| genitive | *trougokarās | *trougokarous | *trougokarom |
| dative | *trougokarai | *trougokarābom | *trougokarābos |
| instrumental | *? | *trougokarābim | *trougokarābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *trougokarom | *trougokarou | *trougokarā |
| vocative | *trougokarom | *trougokarou | *trougokarā |
| accusative | *trougokarom | *trougokarou | *trougokarā |
| genitive | *trougokarī | *trougokarous | *trougokarom |
| dative | *trougokarūi | *trougokarobom | *trougokarobos |
| instrumental | *trougokarū | *trougokarobim | *trougokarobis |
| Declension of the comparative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *trougokaryūs | *? | *trougokaryoses |
| vocative | *trougokaryūs | *? | *trougokaryoses |
| accusative | *trougokaryosam | *? | *trougokaryosans |
| genitive | *trougokarisos | *? | *trougokarisom |
| dative | *trougokarisei | *? | *trougokarisbos |
| instrumental | *trougokarisī | *? | *trougokarisbis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *trougokaryūs | *? | *trougokaryoses |
| vocative | *trougokaryūs | *? | *trougokaryoses |
| accusative | *trougokaryosam | *? | *trougokaryosans |
| genitive | *trougokarisos | *? | *trougokarisom |
| dative | *trougokarisei | *? | *trougokarisbos |
| instrumental | *trougokarisī | *? | *trougokarisbis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *trougokaris | *? | *? |
| vocative | *trougokaris | *? | *? |
| accusative | *trougokaris | *? | *? |
| genitive | *trougokarisos | *? | *trougokarisom |
| dative | *trougokarisei | *? | *trougokarisbos |
| instrumental | *trougokarisī | *? | *trougokarisbis |
Reconstruction notes
Matasović reconstructs *trougkaros, without a thematic vowel,[1] but it is morphologically bizarre to do so for a derivative of a thematic adjective and as such will not be followed here. An athematic compound is not required to explain the phonology of any descendants, since the outcome of Proto-Brythonic *-ɣg- (arising after lenition of g and k and syncope of o) is regularly /ɡ/ in the Brythonic languages, and the parallel Goidelic *-ɣx- regularly becomes /k/ in Old Irish.
Derived terms
- *trougokariyā (“mercy”)
Descendants
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*trowgo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 390