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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *wyeh₁- (“to weave, twist”).[1]
Verb
*winīti
- to bend
- to enclose
Inflection
| Nasal-infix athematic present with stem ablaut to an h₁-final root, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*winīmi
|
*winamam
|
*wiwīsū
|
*wiwa
|
| 2nd singular
|
*winīsi
|
*winatās
|
*wiwīsesi
|
*wiwas?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*winīti
|
*winato
|
*wiwīseti
|
*wiwe
|
| 1st plural
|
*winamosi
|
*winamo
|
*wiwīsomosi
|
*wiwmo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*winatesi
|
*winastē
|
*wiwīsetesi
|
*wiwe
|
| 3rd plural
|
*winenti
|
*winanto
|
*wiwīsonti
|
*wiwars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*weyasū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*weyasesi
|
?
|
*winī
|
| 3rd singular
|
*weyaseti
|
?
|
*winītou
|
| 1st plural
|
*weyasomosi
|
?
|
*winamos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*weyasetesi
|
?
|
*winate
|
| 3rd plural
|
*weyasonti
|
?
|
*winentou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*winīr
|
—
|
*wiwīsūr
|
*wiwra
|
| 2nd singular
|
*winītar
|
—
|
*wiwīsetar
|
*wiwras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*winītor
|
?
|
*wiwīsetor
|
*wiwre
|
| 1st plural
|
*winammor
|
—
|
*wiwīsommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*winadwe
|
—
|
*wiwīsedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*winentor
|
?
|
*wiwīsontor
|
?
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*weyasūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*weyasetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*weyasetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*weyasommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*weyasedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*weyasontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*winonts
|
*winonte
|
*winontes
|
| vocative
|
*winonts
|
*winonte
|
*winontes
|
| accusative
|
*winontam
|
*winonte
|
*winontans
|
| genitive
|
*winantos
|
*?
|
*winantom
|
| dative
|
*winantei
|
*winantbom
|
*winantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*winantī?
|
*winantbim
|
*winantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*winantī
|
*winantī
|
*winantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*winantī
|
*winantī
|
*winantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*winantīm
|
*winantī
|
*winantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*winantyās
|
*?
|
*winantyom
|
| dative
|
*winantyāi
|
*winantyābom
|
*winantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*winantyābim
|
*winantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*winont
|
*?
|
*winonta
|
| vocative
|
*winont
|
*?
|
*winonta
|
| accusative
|
*winont
|
*?
|
*winonta
|
| genitive
|
*winantos
|
*?
|
*winantom
|
| dative
|
*winantei
|
*?
|
*winantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*winantī?
|
*?
|
*winantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*winamnos
|
*winamnou
|
*winamnoi
|
| vocative
|
*winamne
|
*winamnou
|
*winamnoi
|
| accusative
|
*winamnom
|
*winamnou
|
*winamnons
|
| genitive
|
*winamnī
|
*winamnous
|
*winamnom
|
| dative
|
*winamnūi
|
*winamnobom
|
*winamnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*winamnū
|
*winamnobim
|
*winamnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*winamnā
|
*winamnai
|
*winamnās
|
| vocative
|
*winamnā
|
*winamnai
|
*winamnās
|
| accusative
|
*winamnam
|
*winamnai
|
*winamnans
|
| genitive
|
*winamnās
|
*winamnous
|
*winamnom
|
| dative
|
*winamnai
|
*winamnābom
|
*winamnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*winamnābim
|
*winamnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*winamnom
|
*winamnou
|
*winamnā
|
| vocative
|
*winamnom
|
*winamnou
|
*winamnā
|
| accusative
|
*winamnom
|
*winamnou
|
*winamnā
|
| genitive
|
*winamnī
|
*winamnous
|
*winamnom
|
| dative
|
*winamnūi
|
*winamnobom
|
*winamnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*winamnū
|
*winamnobim
|
*winamnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wītos
|
*wītou
|
*wītoi
|
| vocative
|
*wīte
|
*wītou
|
*wītoi
|
| accusative
|
*wītom
|
*wītou
|
*wītons
|
| genitive
|
*wītī
|
*wītous
|
*wītom
|
| dative
|
*wītūi
|
*wītobom
|
*wītobos
|
| instrumental
|
*wītū
|
*wītobim
|
*wītobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wītā
|
*wītai
|
*wītās
|
| vocative
|
*wītā
|
*wītai
|
*wītās
|
| accusative
|
*wītam
|
*wītai
|
*wītans
|
| genitive
|
*wītās
|
*wītous
|
*wītom
|
| dative
|
*wītai
|
*wītābom
|
*wītābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*wītābim
|
*wītābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wītom
|
*wītou
|
*wītā
|
| vocative
|
*wītom
|
*wītou
|
*wītā
|
| accusative
|
*wītom
|
*wītou
|
*wītā
|
| genitive
|
*wītī
|
*wītous
|
*wītom
|
| dative
|
*wītūi
|
*wītobom
|
*wītobos
|
| instrumental
|
*wītū
|
*wītobim
|
*wītobis
|
Alternative reconstructions
Descendants
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*wi-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 422